Gastro

Question 1

Primary Biliary Cholangitis - The M’s

Answer 1

IgM
Anti-Mitochondrial antibodies M2 subtype
anti-sMooth Muscle antibodies
Middle-aged females

Question 2

Azathioprine - before initiating check what?

Answer 2

Exclude thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency (TPMT)

Question 3

PBC - Management

Answer 3

Ursodeoxycolic acid
Cholestyramine for itching
Liver transplant
Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation

Question 4

Gall stones medical management
- Drug
- Criteria

Answer 4

Ursodeoxycholic acid

Unfit for surgery + functioning gallbladder verified on oral cystography

Question 5

Zenker diverticulum
AKA, define, management

Answer 5

Pharyngeal pouch
Pulsion diverticulum of pharyngeal mucosa through Killian’s dehiscence
Excision of pouch combined with myotomy

Question 6

Metoclopramide indications

Answer 6

Functional bowel obstruction
Gastritis
Gastric stasis

Question 7

Haloperidol indications

Answer 7

Metabolic causes of vomiting
- Hypercalcaemia
- Renal failure

Question 8

Cyclizine indications

Answer 8

Vomiting due to:
Mechanical bowel obstruction
Raised intracranial pressure
Motion sickness

Question 9

Gastroenteritis - commonest causes

Answer 9

Children: Rotavirus, reducing due to vaccination

Adults:
- Viral = Norovirus
- Bacterial = Campylobacter jejuni

Question 10

Surveillance in long standing severe UC (>10yrs duration)

Answer 10

Colonoscopy with multiple biopsies every 1-5 yrs