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A MSRA random > Mix 1 > Flashcards

Mix 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cat Scratch Disease

Organism, what does it cause

A

Cause: Bartonella henselae

Common cause of chronic lymphadenopathy in children/young people in UK

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2
Q

Cat Scratch Disease Mx

1,2,3

A

co-trimoxole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), ciprofloxacin, azithromycin

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3
Q

Ormands disease
- describe
- causes
- management

A

Retroperitoneal fibrosis - Anterior surface of L4-5,

AA diseases, metastatic cancer, methyldopa, beta blockers, methysergide

Mx - steroids, surgery, tamoxifen/azathioprine

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4
Q

Fifth disease, Erythema infectiosum, slapped cheek disease
- cause
- natural history

A

Human parvovirus B19

Long incubation, prodromal symptoms, symptom-free period then red cheek rash that can fade and recur

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5
Q

CMI
- presentation
- cause

A

Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia

abdo pain + nausea, fear of eating and weight loss

Cause - atherosclerosis 95%, vasculitis, radiation damage

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6
Q

CAGE Questionnaire

A

C-ut down
A-nnoyed by questions
G-uilty about drinking
E-ye opener (morning drink)

2+ should be investigated

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7
Q

Steroid creams - least to most potent

A

Hydrocortisone 0.5-2.5%
Betamethasone valerate(betnovate)
Clobetasone butyrate(eumovate)
Fluticasone propionate(cutivate)
Clobetasol proprionate(dermovate)

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8
Q

Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)
- infection source
- symptoms
- risk factors
- management

A

Ingestion of cystic form of protazoa

Can cause fever, weight loss, abdominal pain (RUQ) liver abscess, bloody diarrhoea

Immunosuppressed, anal sex, institutionalised, migrants to UK

Mx - Metronidazole

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9
Q

Acne conglobata
- describe
- associated with

A

Unusual severe form of acne, erupting scarring lesions
Associated w Hydradenitis suppurverita and steroid use

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10
Q

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- triad
- radiology
- management

A

Gait disturbance, dementia, urinary incontinence

CT - large ventricles, normal subarrachnoid space

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt may relieve it

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11
Q

What are milia

A

Tiny cream coloured sebaceous cysts on the nose/cheeks/below eyes

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12
Q

Port wine stain

A

Erythematous macular lesion present from birth, usually on face

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13
Q

Stork mark
- AKA
- Describe
- when does it appear

A

Telangiectatic naevus

multiple erythematous macular lesions - back of neck, or face

Present from birth

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14
Q

Anterior uveitis
- presentation
- test
- associated with

A

Red, painful eye
Talbots test (pain on pupil constriction)
HLA-B27 disease

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15
Q

Cervical ripeness assessment

A

Bishops score - PEDSS
P-osition
E-ffacement/length
D-ilation
S-oftness/consitency
S-tation of baby’s head

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16
Q

Shingles

A

Mx - Oral acyclovir within 72-120hr

Direct lesion contact = infectious

Rash does NOT cross the midline

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17
Q

Pupil dilators

A

Antimuscarinics -
Atropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide

Sympathomimetics -
Phenylepherine

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18
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A
  1. Conn’s (unilateral aldosterone producing adenoma)
  2. Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or idiopathic hyperaldosteronism
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19
Q

Measles- features

A

Red maculopapular rash, classically starts behind the ears spreads to face, body

Kopliks spots - WHITE spots in buccal mucosa opposite lower molars

Prodrome including conjunctivitis, cough, coryza

20
Q

Hypocalcaemia
Symtpoms and ECG

A

Parasthesia, cramps, spasms
Isolated prolonged QTc

21
Q

Suggestive of Downs Sydrome

A

Thickened nuccal transleucency
Increase B-HCG
Reduced PAPP-A

22
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Skin rash on knuckles and cheeks/eyelides
Muscle weakness

Idiopathic, connective tissue disorder or cancer - ovarian, breast, lung,

23
Q

Migraine Mx

A

Acute: oral triptan + NSAID(or paracetamol)

Prophylaxis: propranolol or topiramate

24
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

5678

Fasting > 5.6

2 hour post-glucose >7.8

25
Q

Desogestrel

A

Inhibits ovulation
Thickens cervical mucous

26
Q

Panayiotopoulos syndrome

A

characterised by seizures, often prolonged, with predominantly autonomic symptoms such as nausea and retching.

27
Q

Idiopathic childhood occipital epilepsy of gastaut

A

Mainly visual hallucinations

28
Q

Benign Rolandic epilepsy

A

Partial seizures at night in childhood

29
Q

Local anaesthetic toxicity

A

Rapid cardiopulmonary deterioration after local anaesthetic

20% lipid emulsion IV

30
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Indomethacin or ibuprofen will close

prostaglandin will keep it patent

31
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

In patient >75yrs

Start Alendronate + Ca2+ supplementation

32
Q

Treating acute gout

A

NSAID or colchicine ‘cover’ should be used when starting allopurinol

33
Q

Rinne test

A

Rinne under the pinny!

Conductive hearing loss BC > AC

Normal AC > BC

34
Q

Weber test

A

Weber it’s R or L sensorineural hearing loss

Localises to the good ear if unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

35
Q

Perthe’s disease

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral epiphysis
Age 4-8 years,
5:1 boys

36
Q

Perthe’s management

A

To keep the femoral head within the acetabulum: cast, braces

If less than 6 years: observation
Older: surgical management with moderate results
Operate on severe deformities

37
Q

Methotrexate Antibiotics

A

Avoid trimethoprim and co-timoxazole due to the risk of bone marrow aplasia

38
Q

Gestational diabetes Mx

A

Trial diet and exercise but most need metformin +/- short acting insulin

39
Q

Alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency

A

Investigations
A1AT concentrations
spirometry: obstructive picture

Management
no smoking
supportive: bronchodilators, physiotherapy
intravenous alpha1-antitrypsin protein concentrates
surgery: lung volume reduction surgery, lung transplantation

40
Q

Alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency genetics

A

Chromosome 14

PiZZ
PiSS
PiMZ

41
Q

GORD in infants

A

Commonest cause of vomiting in infants, presents before 8 weeks
milky meal vomit, excessive crying at meal time

Mx - alginate (gaviscon) -> PPI

42
Q

Labial adhesions

A

Oestrogen cream

43
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis can cause a painless ulcer (chancre) which classically resolves within six to eight weeks even without treatment.

44
Q

Penile cancer

A

Strong association with HIV
weight loss, malaise

45
Q

UC flare

A

Truelove and Witts severity index

May need to admit for IV corticosteroids

46
Q

Heel prick test (neonatal blood spot test)

A

Phenylketonuria, Sickle cell disease, Cystic fibrosis and Hypothyroidism

47
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Itchy, vesicular skin lesions on the extensor surfaces (e.g. elbows, knees, buttocks)

IgA deposition in the dermis

Dapsone, gluten free diet

A MSRA random (22 decks)

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