Cardiology

Question 1

HOCM management

ABCD

Answer 1

Amiodarone
Beta blocker or verapamil (symptoms)
Cardioverter defibrillator
Dual chamber pacemaker
**Endocarditis prophylaxis

Question 2

ECG - PE

Answer 2

S1Q3T3
Sinus tachycardia
Right axis deviation
RBBB

Question 3

ECG - Digoxin toxicity

STsegment, T waves

Answer 3

ST depression, inverted T waves in V5-6 (reverse tick)

Question 4

ECG - Hypokalaemia

T waves, extra, PR, ST

Answer 4

Small T waves
Prominant U waves
Prolonged PR interval
ST depression

Question 5

Brugada syndrome
ECG
Management (wyd + wtd)

STsegment, T waves

Answer 5

Coved ST elevation >2mm in >1 of V1-3 followed by negative T wave

Same day cardiology review

ICD is only proven treatment

Question 6

Hypertension - DM

Answer 6

ACE-i or ARB
Regardless of age or race

Question 7

Hyperkalaemia ECG

Answer 7

Tall tented T waves, broad QRS, small P waves

Question 8

Hypertension - 55+ or Black African/African-Caribbean
1st + 2nd line

Answer 8

1. Calcium channel blocker eg amlodipine
2. Thiazide-like diuretic eg indapamide

Question 9

Lone AF
- define

Answer 9

Atrial fibrillation that develops in <60 without evident cardiac or other diseases

Question 10

Pulsus paradoxus
- define
- associated conditions

Answer 10

> 12mmHg BP drop with inspiration

Constrictive pericarditis
Severe OPD
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
PE
Rapid laboured breathing
RV infarct with shock

Question 11

Stage 1 HTN
Defining values

Answer 11

Clinic BP 140/90-159/99 in clinic
AND
ABPM/HBPM average between 135/85 - 149/94

Question 12

Stage 2 HTN diagnosis

Answer 12

Clinic BP 160/100+
AND
ABPM/HBPM average 150/95+

Question 13

Stage 3 HTN

Answer 13

Clinic BP systolic 180+ or diastolic 120+

Question 14

Persistent ST elevation following recent MI, no chest pain

Answer 14

Left ventricular anaeurysm