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Cognitive Psychology > Object Perception > Flashcards

Object Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

There are _ theories of object recognition: _, _, _, and _.

A

4
Template matching models
Feature matching Models
Recognition-by-components
Configural models

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2
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

_ presents that we detect patterns by matching visual input with a set of templates stored in memory.

A

Template Matching

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3
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

_ uses a set of transformations to best alight the object with a template (using: _, _, and _.)

A

Tamplate Matching
Translation
Rotation
Scaling

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4
Q

Template Matching

A _ is a pattern, like a cookie cutter or a stencil. It can be used to compare in­dividual items to a standard.

A

Template

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5
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

_ detect objects by the presence of features.

A

Feature Theories

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6
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

_ search for simple but characteristic features of an object; their presence signals a match.

A

Feature-matching Models

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7
Q

Feature Theories

The feature-matching approach also lends itself well to the idea that processing of information in the brain is _.

A

Parallel

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8
Q

Feature Theories

Feature Theories need to also know how the features related to each other, also known as _.

A

Structural theories

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9
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

The _ model provides a possible method for recognizing three-dimensional objects across variations in viewpoint or exemplars (Biederman, 1987). (p. 78).

A

recognition-by-components (RBC)

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10
Q

RBC Model

The current model proposes that a set of _ geometrical three-dimensional shapes, such as cylinders and cones, can be used to represent just about any object; in the language of the model, these shapes are called _.

A

24
geons

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11
Q

Laban.

A

Laban!

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12
Q

RBC Model

Choice of shape vocabulary seems a bit _. However, choice of geons was based on non-accidental properties. The same geon can be recognized across a variety of different perspectives:

A

Arbitrary

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13
Q

RBC Model

_ is possible except for a few accidental viewpoints, where geons cannot be uniquely identified

A

Viewpoint Invariance

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14
Q

RBC Model

_ is easier when geons can be recovered.

A

Prediction

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15
Q

RBC Model

_ disrupts geon processing more than just deleting parts of lines

A

Disrupting vertices

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16
Q

RBC Model

In general, the effect of _ occurs when a stimulus or task facilitates processing a subsequent stimulus or task

A

priming

17
Q

RBC Models

Theory does not say how _, _, and _ details are processed. These are often important to tell apart specific exemplars or similar objects.

A

color
texture
small

18
Q

RBC Model

What are the problems of the RBC Model

A
  1. Structural description not enough, also need metric info to distinguish between specific exemplars or similar objects
  2. Difficult to extract geons from real images
  3. For some objects, deriving a structural representation can be difficult
19
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

_ states that individual instances are not stored but what is stored is a representative element of a category.

A

Configural Models of Recognition

20
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

_ is where recognition is based on “distance” between perceived item and prototype.

A

Configural Models of Recognition

21
Q

Theories of Object Recognition

_ have been successful in the domain of face recognition.

A

Configuration Models

22
Q

Configural Models

_ is a representative element of a category.

A

Exemplar

23
Q

Configuration Models

Specific faces are described by their _, as defined by quantified average proportions in a population.

A

deviations from the prototypical face

24
Q

Configuration Models

All faces would have the same component parts in the same spatial arrangement, but their _ and _ make each unique.

A

relative sizes
distances

25
Q

Configuration Models

We create a caricatured version of the exemplar by _.

A

Moving away from the norm

26
Q

Configuration Models

By disrupting _, it becomes easier to process the individual parts

A

holistic (configural) processing

27
Q

Configuration Models

_ states that configural effects often disappear when stimulus is inverted.

A

Face Inversion

28
Q

Top-down and Context Effects in Object Recognition

_ can often help in identification of an object but can also alter the interpretation of an object.

A

Context

29
Q

Context Effects

_ states discriminating between letters is easier in the context of a word than as letters alone or in the context of a nonword striking.

A

Word Superiority Bias

30
Q

Context Effects

_ suggests that information at the word level might affect interpretation at the letter level.

A

Word Superiority Effect

31
Q

Context Effects

_ is a neural network model for how different information processing levels interact.

A

Interactive Activation Model

32
Q

Interactive Activation Model

Levels interact in _ as how letter combine to form words (feature to word level) and _ as how words affect detectability of letters (word to letter level).

A

Bottom up
Top-down

33
Q

Interactive Activation Model

There are three levels of interactive activation models:

A

feature
letter
word

33
Q

Interactive Activation Models

_ represent features, letters and words where each has an activation level.

A

Nodes

34
Q

Interactive Activation Model

Connections between nodes are _ or _.

A

Excitatory
Inhibitory

35
Q

Interactive Activation Model

Activation flows from _ to _ to _ level, and back to _ level.

A

feature
letter
word
letter

36
Q

What method is being described in these statements:
1. Acquire brain data for different stimuli (e.g. bottles and shoes)
2. Train a classifier (such as the neural network on right) to discriminate between bottle voxel patterns and shoe voxel patterns
3. Test classifier on novel images

A

Pattern Classification Model

37
Q

Pattern Classification Model

Haxby et al. (2001)
can predict with 96% accuracy stimuli from 8 categories, namely:

A

Faces
Cats
Scissors
Chairs
Houses
Bottles
Shoes
Scrambled Pictures

38
Q

What is being described in the statement: Engel & co-workers (e.g 1992) suggested that neurons representing the same object fire in synchrony.

A

Reconstructing Mental Images

Cognitive Psychology (8 decks)

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