Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

__ is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember and think about information.

Answer 1

Cognitive Psychology

Question 2

A __ might study how people perceive various shapes, why they remember some facts but forget others, or how they learn language.

Answer 2

cognitive psychologist

Question 3

___ is a concept where we make judgements on the basis of how easily we can call to mind what we perceive as relevant instances of a phenomenon.

Answer 3

Availability heuristic

Question 4

In ___, the ways of addressing fundamental issues have changed, but many of the fundamental questions remains much the same.

Answer 4

Cognitive Psychology

Question 5

The progression of ideas often involves a __, which is a developmental process where ideas evolve over time through a pattern of transformation.

Answer 5

Dialectic

Question 6

There are __ processes in the progression of ideas in a dialectic, namely: __, __, and __.

Answer 6

3;
A thesis statement emerges.
A antithesis emerges.
A synthesis integrates the two points.

Question 7

In a dialectic:

A __ is proposed. This is a statement of belief.

Answer 7

Thesis

Question 8

In a dialectic:

A/an __ emerges. This is a statement that counters the previous statement of belief.

Answer 8

Antithesis

Question 9

In a dialectic:

A __ integrates the viewpoints or the most credible features of each of two (or more) views.

Answer 9

Synthesis

Question 10

Two Greek philosophers, __ and his student __, have profoundly affected modern thinking in psychology and many other fields, precisely in their rationalist versus empiricist view.

Answer 10

Plato;
Aristotle

Question 11

__ was a rationalist, while __ was an empiricist.

Answer 11

Plato;
Aristotle

Question 12

A/an __ believes that the route to knowledge is through thinking and logical reasoning.

Answer 12

Rationalist

Question 13

A/an __ does not need any experiments to develop new knowledge.

Answer 13

Rationalist

Question 14

A/an __ who is interested in cognitive processes would appeal to reason as a source of knowledge or justification.

Answer 14

Rationalist

Question 15

A/an __ believes that we acquire knowledge via empirical evidence that is, we obtain evidence through experience and observation.

Answer 15

Empiricist

Question 16

__ seeks to understand the structure (configuration of elements) of the mind and its perception.

Answer 16

Structuralism

Question 17

__ analyze perceptions into their constituent components (affection, attention, memory, sensation, etc.).

Answer 17

Structuralism

Question 18

Structuralism gave birth to Wundt’s idea of __.

Answer 18

Introspection

Question 19

__ seeks to understand what people do and why they do it.

Answer 19

Functionalism

Question 20

The principal question of functionalism was about __.

Answer 20

processes

Question 21

__ believe that knowledge is validated by its usefulness: What can you do with it?

Answer 21

Pragmatists

Question 22

__ examines how elements of the mind, like events or ideas, can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of learning.

Answer 22

Associationism

Question 23

Learning results from:

__ is associating things that tend to occur together at about the same time.

Answer 23

Contiguity

Question 24

Learning results from:

__ is associating things with similar features or properties.

Answer 24

Similarity

Question 25

Learning results from:

__ is associating things that show polarities, such as hot-cold, light-dark, and day-night.

Answer 25

Contrast

Question 26

The four behaviorists are: __, __, __, and __.

Answer 26

John B. Watson;
B.F. Skinner;
Ivan Pavlov;
Alber Bandura

Question 27

___ states that the whole is greater than the some of its parts.

Answer 27

Gestalt Psychology

Question 28

__ states that we best understand psychological phenomena when we view them as organized, stuctures wholes.

Answer 28

Gestalt Psychology

Question 29

According to __, we cannot fully understand behavior when we only break phenomena down into smaller parts.

Answer 29

Gestalt Psychology

Question 30

__ is the belief that much of human behavior can be understood in terms of how people think.

Answer 30

Cognitivism

Question 31

__ brashly challenged the behaviorist view that the human brain is a passive organ merely responding to environmental contingencies outside the individual.

Answer 31

Cognitivism

Question 32

__ proposed the concept of cell assemblies as the basis for learning in the brain.

Answer 32

Donald Hebb

Question 33

__ are coordinated neural structures that develop through frequent stimulation.

Answer 33

Cell Assemblies

Question 34

__ stressed both biological basis and the creative potential of language. He pointed out the infinite numbers of sentences we can produce with ease.

Answer 34

Noam Chomsky

Question 35

__ suggested that soon it would be hard to distinguish the communication of machines from that of humans.

Answer 35

Turing

Question 36

__ suggested a test, now called the “__ test,” by which a computer programs would be judged as successful to the extend that its output was indistinguishable, by humans, from the output of humans.

Answer 36

Turing

Question 37

By __, the term Artificial Intelligence emerged.

Answer 37

1956

Question 38

__ is the attempt by humans to construct systems that show intelligence and, particularly the intelligent processing of information.

Answer 38

Artificial Intelligence