Attention and Consciousness Flashcards
__ is when a person does not notice even a major change in a scene. Example: Stage magicians use covert misdirection to accomplish their craft.
Change blindness
__ is a phenomenon where people fail to notice an unexpected object or event that is clearly visible, because their attention is focused on something else
Inattentional blindness
What paradigm is being described with the following process:
1. The subject maintains their attention on a fixation cross while the stimulus appears on one of two nearby boxes.
2. The subject presses a button to indicate where the stimulus is as soon as they notice the stimulus.
3. A cue may suggest where the stimulus will appear.
Attentional Orienting Paradigms
In the Attentional Orienting Paradigms, if the cue correctly predicts the stimulus, there is a ___; but if not, there is ___.
Reaction time benefit
Reaction time cost
In attentional orienting paradigms, ___ mechanisms focus voluntary attention, also known as ___.
Top-down
Endogenous Attention
In attentional orienting paradigms, ___ mechanisms focus involuntary attention, also known as ___.
Bottom-up
Exogenous Attention
What paradigm is being described with the following process:
1. The subject is presented with a series of stimuli that are all then same, then a novel stimulus is presented.
2. A physiological measure, such as fMRI or EEG, is used to monitor the response to the novel stimulus.
Oddball Paradigm
In the Oddball Paradigm, the novel stimulus is also known as the __.
Oddball
__ occurs when the stimulus can be interpreted in one way, or if you present a different image to each eye, the precept alternates between the two.
Perceptual Rivalry
__ is the concentration of mental energy that must be used to process incoming information, and is selective, limited and both conscious and unconscious.
Attention
___ can speed or slow processing and let us know what’s going on early cognitive processes, information processing in unconscious level.
Priming
In __, target stimuli are processed faster if preceded by a related word.
Facilitative Priming
In priming, __ requires no conscious control and __ requires conscious control.
Automatic Processing; Controlled Processing
In functions of conscious attention, __ means actively searching for a target and where number of targets and distracters influence accuracy.
Search
In searching, __ is looking for the letter O among the letter Ls.
Feature Search
In searching, __ is looking for the letter T among the letter Ls.
Conjunctive Search
__ is being described in the statement: Individual Feature processing is done in parallel. Simultaneous processing is done on the whole display and if feature is present– we detect it.
Feature Searching
__ requires attention to the integration or combination of the features. Attention to particular combination of features must be done sequentially to detect presence of a certain combination.
Conjunctive Searching
In search, __ happens when a target is defined by a single feature.
Feature Searching
In search, __ happens when a target is defined by a two or more features.
Conjunctive Searching
In the selectivity of attention, the __ presents the questions: How are we able to follow one conversation in the presence of other conversations?
Cocktail Party Problem
In the models of selective attention, ___ presents that only one sensory channel is allowed to proceed and stimuli is filtered at sensory level.
Broadbent’s Model
In the models of selective attention, ___ presents that the filter weakens the strength of unattended information.
Treisman Attenuation Model
In the models of selective attention, ___ presents that all stimuli is processed to the level of meaning and their relevance determines further processing and action.
Late Selection Theory
In the models of selective attention, Neissner synthesized that __ are parallel and note physical characteristics.
Pre-attentive Processes
In the models of selective attention, Neissner synthesized that __ controlled processes that occur serially and in working memory.
Attentive Processes
In processing, ___ requires no conscious control while __ requires conscious control.
Automatic Processing
Controlled Processing
__ is a phenomenon that occurs when the name of a color doesn’t match the color in which it’s printed, making it harder to name the color.
Stroop Effect
__ is a form of attention that involves multitasking and allows us to process different information sources and successfully carry out multiple tasks at a time.
Divided Attention
__ is a procedure in experimental neuropsychology that requires an individual to perform two tasks simultaneously, in order to compare performance with single-task conditions.
Dual Task Paradigm
In the theories of consciousness, __ is the idea proposed by Descartes that the mind and the brain are two different things.
Dualism
In the theories of consciousness, __ presents that mental states depend on the functional role they play.
Functionalist Theories of Consciousness
In the functionalist theories, the higher-order theory of consciousness suggests that a conscious perception requires: __, __, and __.
A lower-order representation
A higher-order representation
A functional link that connects the two
In the functionalist theories, the global-workspace theory of consciousness suggests: __ and __.
There are many separate subunits within the brain.
Consciousness involves coordinating activity with these subunits.
The integrated information theory of consciousness suggests that consciousness is __ and consciousness is __.
Informative
Highly-integrated
There are three systems under information content and integration: __, __, and __.
High-information, low-integration system
Low-information, high-integration system
Moderate-information, moderate-integration system
In information content and integration, __ is exercised in a large number of people who are each speaking to only one other person.
High-information, low integration system
In information content and integration, __ is exercised in a large number of people chanting in unison.
Low-information, high-integration system
In information content and integration, __ is exercised in a committees of people reporting to leadership.
Moderate-information, moderate-integration system
