OBGYN FINAL QUIZLET ANSWERS Flashcards
Estrogen is produced by _____ and progesterone is produced by ______
dominant follicle/ corpus luteum
Nabothian cysts are found in the _____
cervix
30 year old woman has enlarged uterus, history of unusual prolonged menstrual cycles. What is probable diagnosis
Lyeiomyoma
What kind of lyieomyoma causes the most bleeding
submucosal
Gartners duct cysts are found in the ______
vaginal canal
When scanning you find bilateral symmetrical masses, what are they
muscles
What happens to the fibroids when they continue to grow? (after outgrowing blood supply and necrosis)
calcifications (degenerated lyeiomyoma)
When scanning transvag, in order to find the fundus where is the handle of your probe
towards the bed
Christmas tree is sign for
AVM- arterial venous malformation
T/F AVMs are always aquired
false
Who is at risk for endometrial cancer
older women, breast cancer survivor
Breast cancer survivors on tamoxifin have a greater risk for
endometrial cancer
Pt has had a hysterectomy, what is the remaining tissue
vaginal cuff
Normal vaginal cuff is greater than 2cm what can happen
regrowth can occur
Stage 2 ovarian cancer reaches
pelvic organs
Most common benign tumor of the ovary is
dermoid
What is the most common cause of PID
STDs
PID can include pain and
fever
PID includes all except: endometriosis, endometritis, peri-ovarian inflammation
endometriosis
A woman comes to ER with intense pelvic pain and vaginal discharge. Ultrasound shows complex irregular mass in pouch of douglas. What does she have?
TOA
When does LH surge happen and what does it do
right before ovulation stimulates dominant follicle to rupture
HCG given to infertile woman makes her
ovulate
During ultrasound evaluation look for development, growth and
well being
nonmaleficence, autonomy, beneficence, justice, veracity, integrity, confidentiality
Principles of ethics
Strive to treat all patients equally
justice
_____ and ______ are the ethical principles that determine the timing of obstetric sonography examinations
justice/autonomy
Adherence to moral and ethical principles
Integrity
Respect to abilities and limitations (truthfullness)
veracity
To not cause harm
nonmaleficence
Respect for a person (no discrimination)
autonomy
The goal of seeking to do more good over harm
beneficence
who is the organization that enforces code of ethics
SDMS (society of diagnostic medical sonographers)
How is HCG changing throughout pregnancy
increases, plateaus, decreases
HCG increases by _____ a day
3.5
What is the interface between decidua capsularis and endometrium
double decidual sign
We should start to see the fetal bladder at _____ weeks
10
Fetus breech position is head to the _____
fundus
Fetus vertex/cephalic position is head to the _____
cervix
Amniotic fluid increases and plateaus at ____ weeks
34
`Measure amniotic fluid at the _____ pocket
largest
Largest pocket of amniotic fluid measures ____ to _____ cm
2-8
Where is BPD taken at
thalamus and cavum septum pellucidum
Biometric measurements give you the estimated fetal weight and
growth adjusted sonar age
4 parameters of biometric measurements are: HC, BPD, FL and
AC
90% or above for biometric measurements is ____ for gestational age
large (LGA)
10% or below for biometric measurements is ____ for gestational age
small (SGA) - IUGR
HTN mother is associated with ____ babies
small
Diabetic mother is associated with _____ babies
large
If measurement of femur is ______ deviations above or below it shows IUGR or macrosomia
2
What measurements are needed for orbits: outer to outer and inner to inner, and
orbital diameter
OOD is also called
binocular distance
OOD is a good indicator for ____ of fetus
age
When transvag you can see an intrauterine pregnancy if HCG exceeds
500
When tran abdominal you can see an intrauterine pregnancy when HCG exceeds
1800
What causes asymmetric IUGR
placental insufficiency
What causes symmetric IUGR
first trimester insult
Asymmetric IUGR has a ____ head and small body because it needs the most nutrients
normal
Preeclampsia is HTN plus
proteinuria
Eclampsia is HTN, proteinuria and
siezures
PUV is posterior valve
urethral
PUV only affects
males
PUV leads to megastastitis which is enlarged
bladder
Most common abdominal wall defects are
gastroschisis / omphalocele / umbilical hernia
Most common lethal skeletal dysplasia
thanatophroic dysplasia
Congenital development disorder of the spine and lower limbs known as “mermaid syndrome” is
sirenomelia
Osteogenesis imperfecta is disorder of _____ production that causes fractures in untero
collagen
Which syndrome looks like trisomy 18
pena-shokeir syndrome
Which plane do you scan renal pelvis
trans
We should see fetal kidneys at ____ weeks
18
When evaluating kidneys look for their presence, location, number, structure and renal
agenesis
_____ situs inversus has right side heart axis, transposition of liver, stomach, and spleen and left sided gallbladder
total
_____ does not arise from the hindgut
cecum
Derivatives of the foregut are
pharnyx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, part of duodenum, liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas
Derivatives of the midgut are
small intestines, cecum, cloaca extrsophy, ascending colon, part of transverse colon
Derivatives of the hindgut are
part of transverse gut, descending colon, rectum, anal canal, epithelium of bladder, most of urethra
_____ shows liver and stomach in opposite position, no gallbladder and multiple spleens, IVC interruption
polyspleenia
Esophagus on ultrasound presents as _____ pattern
multilayered
When does esophagus show on ultrasound
when baby swallows (2nd/3rd trimester)
Dilation of bowel duct is _____ cyst
choleducal
Umbilical vein drains all of the following except: placenta, body stalk, evolving abdominal wall, yolk sac
yolk sac
Gastroschisis is abdominal wall defect at the _____ of umbilicus
right
What gender is ore common for gastroschisis
male
AFP in gastroschisis rises or decreases
rises
Midgut herniation is normal until _____ weeks
12
Omphalocele is _____ failing to return to belly
bowel
Omphalocele is covered in ____ and _____
peritoneum/ amnion
If you only find small bowel in omphalocele what is it associated with
chromosomal anomalies
Gastroschisis is at risk of atrophy of which vessel
right umbilical vein
Beckweith-weideman syndrome is associated with microglossia, omphalocele and
organomegaly
What anomaly is associated with large cranial defects, facial cleft, body wall complex defects and limb defects
limb body wall complex
Which congenital diaphragmatic hernia side is most common on ___ posterior trough foramen of
left / bochladeck
What are the 3 types of holoprosencephaly
alobar, semilobar, lobar
The most severe form of holoprosencephaly is
lobar
Holoprosencephaly nose with single nostril is
cebocephaly
Bridge of nose originates from _____ prominence
frontal
T/F: nasal triad includes: nostril symmetry, nasal septum integrity, continuous upper lip
true
4D scanning is ______ of fetus
real time movement
What is PAPPA
pregnancy associate plasma protein A
PAPPA ___ throughout pregnancy
increases
4 core measurements gives us
EFW estimated fetal weight
Patient was seen in emergency room. She had a palpable mass in physical exam and several days of pain. Most likely diagnosis is
Hemorrhagic cyst
A 45 year old female was seen in ER. She had symptoms of pressure and pain in her pelvis. This mass was visualized and measured almost 23cm. The most likely diagnosis is
Mucinous cystadenoma
30 year old female was seen by gynecologist for routine exam. She had symptoms of increasing pain with her periods. Mass was visualized and most of her pelvic structures appeared blurred and disorganized. Most likely diagnosis is
endometrioma
