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OB/GYN I > Chapter 41 > Flashcards

Chapter 41 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the bladder act as a window for sonography of the pelvis

A

when distended, bladder rises into false pelvis and pushes peritoneum away from anterior abd wall which displaces bowel gas

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2
Q

How can the overfilled bladder affect sonography of the pelvis

A

pelvic organs will be compresses, degrading the image

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3
Q

The ________ and ________ muscles form the pelvic floor

A

coccygeus, levator ani

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4
Q

The _______ is the diamond shaped area from the pubic symphysis to the anus and bordered laterally by the ischial tuberosities

A

perineum

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5
Q

The _______ muscle group is used as a landmark for locating the external iliac artery and vein and the ovary

A

iliopsoas

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6
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of the _______ muscles anteriorly and the ______ muscles posteriorly

A

levator ani, coccygeus

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7
Q

The main blood supply for the uterus is via the ______ artery which is a branch of the _______ artery

A

uterine, internal iliac

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8
Q

The ovary receives blood via the ovarian artery which is a branch of the

A

aorta

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9
Q

The ovarian vein drains into

A

left renal vein

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10
Q

The vagina has two sources of blood

A

vaginal artery and internal pudendal artery

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11
Q

List the internal organs of the female pelvis

A

vagina, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus

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12
Q

List the external genitalia of the female

A

mons pubis, labia major, labia minora, clitoris, urethral opening, vestibule of vagina

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13
Q

The _______ is a muscular tube composed mainly of smooth muscle with some skeletal muscle at the distal end. It is about ______ cm long

A

vagina, 9

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14
Q

Where do the secretions in the vagina come from

A

Vaginal wall mucous glands of cervix and vestibular glands of vagina

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15
Q

The area where the vagina encircles the cervix is called the

A

fornices/fornix

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16
Q

The ______ is a mobile, hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ in the female pelvis

A

uterus

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17
Q

What are normal dimension of the post-menarche, normal menarche, and pre menarche uterus

A

premenarcheal: 1-3 cm long, 0.5-1.0 cm wide
menarcheal: 6-8 cm long, 3-5 cm wide
post menarcheal: 3.5-5.5 cm long, 2-3 cm wide

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18
Q

Describe the three layers of the uterine wall

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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19
Q

______ refers to the direction that the cervix is pointing

A

version

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20
Q

______ refers to the direction that the unterus is pointing

A

flexion

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21
Q

If the fundus and body of uterus are bend towards the cervix, it is

A

anteflexion

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22
Q

If the entire uterus is tilted posteriorly it is

A

retroversion

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23
Q

If the entire uterus is tilted backward with fundus and body folded posteriorly upon the cervix, it is

A

retroversion with retroflexion

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24
Q

The ________ surround the fallopian tubes, ovaries, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves and support support the uterus laterally

A

broad ligament

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25
Q

The ______ layer of the endometrium is a superficial layer made up of glands and stroma that is sloughed off each month if pregnancy does not occur

A

functional

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26
Q

The _____ layer of the endometrium is a thin deep layer of endometrial glands that regenerates a new endometrium after menses

A

basal

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27
Q

Describe the dimensions of the normal fallopian tube

A

10-12 cm long and 1-4 mm in diameter

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28
Q

The fallopian tube is located in a special layer of the broad ligament called the

A

mesosalpinx

29
Q

Describe the normal size of the hormonally active ovary

A

3cm x 3cm x 2cm

30
Q

What hormones are secreted by the ovary

A

estrogen and progesterone

31
Q

What hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland

A

FSH, LH

32
Q

The follicles are located in the ______ of the ovary

A

cortex

33
Q

A mature follicle typically measures _____ right before ovulation

A

2-2.5cm

34
Q

Describe the changes in the appearance of the endometrium on sonography at the different stages of the menstrual cycle

A

1-4 early menses
3-7 menses
5-9 proliferative

35
Q

What does premenarche mean

A

does not have menses

36
Q

Define menarche

A

onset of menses

37
Q

Define menopause

A

cessation of menses

38
Q

Is fluid in the pouch of douglas always considered abnormal

A

no

39
Q

The paramesonephric ducts from the

A

uterus and upper portions of uterus

40
Q

How is ovarian volume calculated

A

length x width x height (thickness) x 0.523

41
Q

What causes precocious puberty

A

malformation of hypothalmus and pituitary gland

42
Q

The upper limit of normal ovarian volume for the adult, pre-menopausal female

A

12cc 9.8 cm^2

43
Q

Ovum

A

female egg

44
Q

Estrogen

A

female hormone secreted by follicles

45
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absence of menstration

46
Q

Menses

A

menstration

47
Q

True pelvis

A

aka lesser or minor pelvis, area below pelvic brim

48
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

cycle occurs at intervals less than 21 days

49
Q

Round ligament

A

fibrous cords in front of and below fallopian tubes between layers of broad ligaments

50
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

upper portions of broad ligament that enclose fallopian tubes

51
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

secretes progesterone, surface of ovary- until placenta is formed

52
Q

Luteinizine hormone

A

secreted by anterior pituitary gland, stimulates ovulation, forms corpus luteum

53
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

painful periods, associated with endometriosis

54
Q

Ovarian ligament

A

extends from inferior-medial pole aka utero-ovarian ligament

55
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

extends from infundibulum of fallopian tube

56
Q

Uterosacral ligament

A

posterior portion of cardinal ligament extends from cervix to sacrum

57
Q

Gonadotropin

A

stimulates function of testes and ovaries, FSH and LH, secreted by hypothalmus

58
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

abnormally short or light periods- associated with PCOS

59
Q

Vesicouterine recess

A

(pouch) pelvic cavity between bladder and uterus aka anterior cul de sac

60
Q

Rectouterine recess

A

between rectum and uterus aka posterior all de sac aka pouch of douglas

61
Q

Menopause

A

menses have ceased permanently

62
Q

Menarche

A

onset of menstration

63
Q

False pelvis

A

above brim aka greater or major pelvis

64
Q

Oocyte

A

incompletely developed or immature ovum

65
Q

Spave of retzius

A

between anterior bladder wall and pubic symphysis

66
Q

Levator ani

A

muscle across pelvic diaphragm like a hammock, supports pelvic organs

67
Q

Mesovarium

A

posterior portion of broad ligament that encloses fallopian tubes

68
Q

Coccygeus

A

pelvic diaphragm, posterior pelvic floor, supports the coccyx

OB/GYN I (13 decks)

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