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OB/GYN I > Ch. 47 & 48 Role of US in OB/Clinical Ethics for OB US > Flashcards

Ch. 47 & 48 Role of US in OB/Clinical Ethics for OB US Flashcards

1
Q

It is important to detect birth defects prenatally with sonography because

A

obstetric management may be altered to provide the best care for the child

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2
Q

______ refers to abnormal growth patterns of the fetus

A

intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR)

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3
Q

When the fetus is abnormally large, it is referred to as

A

macrosomia

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4
Q

_____ is used to describe which part of the fetus is closest to the cervix (which will come out first)

A

fetal presentation

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5
Q

_______ is a procedure done under ultrasound guidance in which amniotic fluid is drawn out of the uterus for testing

A

amniocentesis

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6
Q

The ______ is the filter and means of communication between maternal and fetal blood

A

placenta

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7
Q

______ is a condition in which the cervix cannot withstand the pressure of pregnancy and dilates prematurely

A

incompetent cervix

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8
Q

______ is a procedure in which blood is taken from the umbilical cord for testing

A

cordocentesis

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9
Q

_____ is a procedure done in early pregnancy for genetic analysis and other testing. It involves tissue from the chorionic villi

A

chorionic villous sampling

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10
Q

In a special ultrasound procedure where the sonographer spends about 30 minutes evaluating the movements of the fetus and the amniotic fluid in addition to doing routing fetal measurements and documentation of fetal anatomy

A

biophysical profile (BPP)

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11
Q

Increased level of amniotic fluid is called

A

polyhydramnios

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12
Q

Decreased level of amniotic fluid is called

A

oligohydramnios

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13
Q

Separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus is called

A

placental abruption/abruptio

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14
Q

______ refers to the measurements taken during an OB sonogram to assess fetal growth

A

fetal biometry

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15
Q

_____ is a condition in which the placenta is situated so that it overlaps the cervix

A

placental previa

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16
Q

On transabdominal imaging, an over-distended bladder can give a false impression of

A

placenta previa

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17
Q

Fetal anatomy can be assessed adequately after how many weeks gestation

A

18 weeks

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18
Q

Why is it important to know the date of the onset of the last menstrual period when performing an OB sonogram

A

to know if the fetus is normal for age

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19
Q

To date, have there been any proven bioeffects from ultrasound used at diagnostic levels

A

no

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20
Q

The major biologic effects of ultrasound are believed to be

A

thermal, cavitation, production and collapse of gas-filled bubbles

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21
Q

Why is doppler considered to have a greater potential for bioeffects than gray scale or m mode

A

it produces higher energy

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22
Q

How can the sonographer minimize thermal effects

A

use ALARA principle, decrease dwell time

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23
Q

How should doppler be used in OB sonography

A

only when there is a valid medical reason

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24
Q

What doppler mode should NOT be used in OB sonography

A

continuous wave CW

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25
Q

There is no reason to look at the ovaries/adnexae during OB sonogram, the only focus is the fetus

A

false

26
Q

Which is the most accurate measurement of gestational age during the first trimester

A

crown rump length CRL

27
Q

Name the weeks for each trimester

A

1st: 1-13, 2nd: 14-26, 3rd: 27-40

28
Q

Patient trust is built on the expectation that health care professionals will follow established ethical

A

principles and guidelines

29
Q

_______ promote excellence and protect patients by encouraging practitioners to reflect on, communicate and demonstrate optimal care

A

medical ethics

30
Q

The principles of _______(7)______ must be implemented in the sonography labratory to ensure ethical practice

A

beneficence, autonomy, respect for persons, veracity, integrity, justice

31
Q

A code of integrity for sonographers has been adopted by the society of diagnostic medical sonography

A

false

32
Q

Bringing about good by maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm is called

A

beneficence

33
Q

_______ is the protection of cherished values that relate to how persons interact and live in peace

A

morality

34
Q

______ is adherence to moral and ethical principles

A

integrity

35
Q

______ is truthfulness and honesty

A

veracity

36
Q

Refraining from harming oneself or others is called

A

nonmaleficence

37
Q

______ is defined as a systemic reflection on and analysis of morality

A

ethics

38
Q

______ reflects duties and values

A

morality

39
Q

Informed consent is an ______ based right

A

autonomy

40
Q

By explaining the examination, the sonographer is respecting the patient’s

A

autonomy

41
Q

Ethics tries to answer the key question

A

what is good

42
Q

Basic principles of medical ethics have been incorporated into ________, _______ and ________ throughout the world

A

research regulation, professional codes, clinical practices

43
Q

The _________ is adopted and maintained by the ________

A

code of ethics for the profession of DMS, SDMS

44
Q

The principle of morality directs the sonographer to not cause harm

A

false

45
Q

Which principle would encourage sonographers to exceed the minimum standards of protocol and seek additional images if needed

A

beneficence

46
Q

What does the ALARA principle stand for? Which principle is it an example of

A

as low as reasonably achievable, nonmaleficence

47
Q

What is the definition of beneficence

A

bringing out good by maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm

48
Q

The _________ obligates the obstetric sonographer to seek the greatest benefit in the care of pregnant patients

A

principle of beneficence

49
Q

Beneficence, like nonmaleficence requires ______, ______ and ________ to ensure that the patient and ______ receive the greatest benefit from the examination

A

competency, knowledge, excellent sonographic skills, fetus

50
Q

Fortunately in most situations it is in the patients best interest to respect their ______ to tell the truth and to distribute ______ justly

A

autonomy, benefits

51
Q

In the twentieth century, beneficence, or the right to self determination has become a key ethical principle

A

false

52
Q

Informed consent is an autonomy based right

A

true

53
Q

Veracity means

A

truthfulness

54
Q

Integrity means

A

adherence to moral and ethical principles

55
Q

Sonographers are justified in disclosing findings of normal anatomy directly to the pregnant woman

A

true

56
Q

Length of pregnancy defined in the US as number of weeks from first day of last normal menstrual period (LNMP) is

A

gestational and menstrual age

57
Q

List six maternal risk factors that increase chances of producing a fetus with congenital abnormalities

A

maternal age, hx of tobacco use, exposure to teratogens, maternal hypertension, placental hemmorrhage, drug and alcohol abuse, maternal weight

58
Q

List 3 questions (besides LMP) that the sonographer should routinely ask the mother when performing an OB sonogram

A

gravida, parity, pelvic surgeries, c sections, previous us, bleeding, decreased movement, pelvic pain

59
Q

List 5 indications for second/third trimester sonography

A

evaluate GA, fetal presentation, evaluate fetal growth, incompetent cervix, suspected fetal demise, suspected multiple gestations

60
Q

When doing a first trimester sonogram, which of the following should be documented

A

presence of gestational sac, location of the gestational sac, presence of ovarian masses, fetal heart beat, CRL, presence of yolk sac, amnion/chorion, presence of fluid in the cul de sac, number of gestations, uterine abnormalities

61
Q

When doing a second/third trimester sonogram, which of the following should be documented

A

fetal heart beat, details of fetal anatomy, presence of ovarian masses, fetal motion, placental location, umbilical cord, head circumference, femur length, abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter, cervix

OB/GYN I (13 decks)

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