Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB/GYN I > Ch. 42 Female Pelvis > Flashcards

Ch. 42 Female Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

List 7 questions the sonographer should ask the patient when doing a pelvic sonogram

A
  1. when was the first day of your last period 2. how many times have you been pregnant/ how many children have you had 3. do you take hormones 4. have you ever had cancer 5. what symptoms do you have 6. do your physician perform a pelvic exam 7. have you had any gynecologic surgeries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F. the most complete pelvic sonogram includes includes both transabdominal and transvaginal approaches

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F. transvaginal sonography provides a more “global” survey than transabdominal sonography

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F. transvaginal sonography should be performed while the patient has a full bladder

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F. the full bladder provides an acoustic window for transabdominal pelvic sonography

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F. transvaginal sonography should be performed on pre menarche girls

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F. all adults can tolerate transvaginal sonography

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F. no consent is required before performing transvaginal sonography

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F. transvaginal sonography utilizes higher frequencies than transabdominal sonography

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F. transvaginal sonography has better resolution than transabdominal sonography

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F. It is OK to perform transvaginal sonography without a probe cover

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F. The transvaginal probe should be soaked in a high level disinfectant solution between patients

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F. Care should be used to not use anything that interferes with sperm function when performing transvaginal sonography on infertility patients

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _______ may be mistaken for ovaries, fluid collections, or masses

A

pelvic muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The _______ is seen as a hammock-shaped structure posterior to the bladder and vagina when angling caudally from the superior bladder

A

levator ani muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The _______ muscle is located laterally in the pelvis and is used as a landmark for locating the iliac vessels and ovaries

A

iliopsoas muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the ______ of the uterine arterial vessels decreases slightly

A

resistive index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At and just after ovulation, the ______ of the ovarian blood flow decreases

A

resistive index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The _______ are often seen in the periphery of the uterus and should not be mistaken for pathology

A

arcuate vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Small cysts located near the cervical canal are called

A

nabothian cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ovarian volume is calculated by which formula

A

L x W x H x .523

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

On transvaginal scanning in the sagittal plane, the ______ uterus will extend toward the left side of the monitor screen

A

anteflexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

On transvaginal scanning in the sagittal plane, the ______ uterus will extend toward the right side of the monitor screen

A

retroflexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Angle the transvaginal probe _____ to visualize the cervix

A

posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

______ scanning is better for visualizing the endometrium

A

transvaginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ scanning is better for measuring the length of the uterus

A

transabdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The normal measurement of the endometrium depends on the woman’s ______ status

A

hormonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

______ scanning is superior for evaluating large ovarian masses and their origin

A

transabdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

______ scanning is superior for evaluating the general location of the ovary

A

transabdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

_______ scanning is superior for evaluating fine details of ovarian structure

A

transvaginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

______ scanning is superior for performing doppler of the ovaries

A

transvaginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Normal endometrial thickness

A

14mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Upper normal in late secretory phase

A

7-14mm (luteal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

______ is a procedure that involves injecting sterile saline or contrast into the uterine cavity and then imaging with transvaginal sonography

A

sonohysterography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Endometrial masses and polyps are often best evaluated with ______

A

sonohysterography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The difference between the peak systole and the peak diastole is the ______ ratio

A

S/D ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean over one cardiac cycle is the ______ index

A

pulsatility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Sonohysterography is usually performed on premenopausal women between days ______ of the menstrual cycle

A

6 and 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Limitations of translabial scanning may be overcome by which one of the following

A

elevating the patients hips

40
Q

Which of the following refers to a horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior

A

coronal

41
Q

What power level should be used and why

A

lower, reduce acoustic exposure

42
Q

What are you evaluating with color and spectral doppler with the ovaries

A

trophoblastic flow when searching for pregnancy (intrauterine or ectopic)

43
Q

What unit will be show for ovary measurements during transvaginal

A

cm

44
Q

What plane is the obturator internus best seen in

A

transverse plane when angling up from symphysis pubis

45
Q

What is the appearance of the obturator internus

A

ovoid hypoechoic structure lateral to the uterus

46
Q

What may be mistaken for an ovary

A

obturator internus

47
Q

Seen as hammock shaped hypoechoic area posterior to the uterus/vagina

A

levator ani

48
Q

hypoechoic structure with linear striations that runs obliquely from superior to inferior at the lateral sides of the pelvis

A

ilopsoas

49
Q

Major landmark for locating the ovaries- especially in the sagittal plane

A

iliopsoas

50
Q

Doppler flow characteristics of uterine arteries

A

moderate to high velocity/high resistance flow

51
Q

Uterine arteries have ______ resistance in postmenopausal women than reproductive age

A

higher

52
Q

Doppler flow characteristics of radial arteries

A

higher resistance flow in the proliferative phase than secretory

53
Q

Doppler flow characteristics of ovarian arteries in follicular phase

A

low velocity high resistance

54
Q

Doppler flow characteristics of ovarian arteries in postmenopausal women

A

RI approaches 1.0 with increasing age

55
Q

Where do you generally evaluate uterine vasculature

A

lower uterine segment near internal os of cervix

56
Q

When you evaluate ovarian flow adjacent to and within ovary, you will usually see

A

ovarian branch of the uterine artery more easily

57
Q

Infer diagnostic information by evaluating the ______ of the flow

A

resistance

58
Q

high resistance=

A

low diastolic flow

59
Q

low resistance=

A

high diastolic flow

60
Q

Resistive index (RI)=

A

PSV-EDV/PSV

61
Q

Normal RI for the uterus in proliferative phase

A

.88

62
Q

The RI of the uterine artery usually ______ just before ovulation and continuing throughout the secretory phase

A

decreases

63
Q

Why does the RI of the uterine artery decrease before ovulation and through secretory phase

A

more diastolic flow due to a little less resistance

64
Q

Ovarian flow changes during the ovarian cycle- proliferative phase (developing follicles)

A

high resistance, low velocity

65
Q

Ovarian flow changes during the ovarian cycle- ovulation

A

resistance decreases (more diastolic flow) and peak velocity increases

66
Q

What is the RI during ovulation

A

.44

67
Q

Ovarian flow changes during the ovarian cycle- secretory phase

A

resistance increases slightly just before menses

68
Q

_______ of the uterus sometimes become prominent and should not be mistaken for masses

A

arcuate vessels

69
Q

Arcuate vessels are more prominent during

A

proliferative and early secretory phase

70
Q

Sonographic appearance of normal myometrium should be

A

homogenous with smooth walls

71
Q

What changes dramatically depending on which part of the menstrual cycle the patient is in

A

endometrium

72
Q

What does the endometrium look like days 1-4

A

early menstruation, the endometrial canal appears as a hypoechoic central line representing blood and tissue

73
Q

What does the endometrium look like days 3-7

A

menses progresses, the hypoechoic area that represents blood is sloughed off, see thin echogenic line

74
Q

What does the endometrium look like during days 5-9

A

proliferative phase, see thin echogenic line with hypoechoic halo (3 lines)

75
Q

What does the endometrium look like days 10-14

A

late proliferative phase, thickened echogenic central line still with hypoechoic halo

76
Q

What does the endometrium look like days 15-28

A

secretory phase, endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior acoustic enhancement

77
Q

Endometrial changes occur in response to

A

estrogen and progesterone

78
Q

Normal endometrial thickness

A

4-14mm

79
Q

Upper normal in late secretory phase

A

7-14mm (luteal)

80
Q

The fallopian tube leaves the _____ of the uterus and travels _____ through the _____ in the ______

A

cornua, laterally, broad ligament, mesosalpinx

81
Q

______ and the ______ area can be seen as a hypoechoic linear structure passing laterally from the mid/sup uterus towards the ovary

A

broad ligament, mesosalpinx

82
Q

If there is fluid, blood or pus in the fallopian tube, it will be seen as

A

anechoic/hypoechoic tortuous structure in the adnexa

83
Q

If there is pelvic ascites, the normal fallopian tubes can be seen

A

outlined by fluid

84
Q

Ovaries usually lie next to the ______ and the ______

A

psoas muscle, iliac vessels

85
Q

Follow _______ from uterus to ovary in ______ plane

A

broad ligament, transverse

86
Q

Ovary position is affected by

A

bladder volume, previous pregnancies and peristalsis of the bowel

87
Q

At mid-cycle, graafian follicle can measure up to

A

2.4cm

88
Q

Hysterosonography is used during

A

transvaginal

89
Q

It is important to perform sonohysterography during

A

proliferative phase of cycle- ASAP after menses

90
Q

Post menopause sonohysterography should be performed

A

at any time unless patient is on cyclic HRT, then should schedule during withdrawl or progesterone phase

91
Q

Most reliable method to differentiate between polyp and fibroid is by

A

echogenicity

92
Q

30% of postmenopausal bleeding caused by

A

endometrial polyps

93
Q

10-20% of postmenopausal bleeding is caused by

A

endometrial cancer

94
Q

Frequently used in breast cancer patients as estrogen suppressor

A

tamoxifen

95
Q

Tamoxifen is a weak estrogen stimulant and there is a slight increased risk of

A

endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyps

endometrial cancer

96
Q

Due to increased specificity and detailed anatomy visualized _______ is advocated by some as a first line evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding

A

sonohysterography

OB/GYN I (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions