obesity and oral health

Question 1

what is the number of obese people in developed countries

Answer 1

over 400 million world wide

Question 2

what is obesity linked to

Answer 2

CVD
cancer
type 2 diabetes

Question 3

how much more likely are obese people in suffering from hypertension

Answer 3

5x more likely

Question 4

how much more likely are obese people in suffering from stroke and cardiac failure

Answer 4

increased risk

Question 5

how much more likely are obese people in suffering from diabetes

Answer 5

increasing number of children affected

Question 6

what do we also have an increased risk of with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

retinopathy

and hepatitis

Question 7

what other issues do we see in relation to obesity

Answer 7

respiratory

orthopaedic

Question 8

how much percentage of cancers are linked due to obesity in non smokers

Answer 8

10%

Question 9

what is obesity

Answer 9

excessive adipose tissue- body fat in central adiposity

Question 10

how is obesity measured

Answer 10

duel energy x ray absorptiometry
bioelectric impedance analysis
skinfold thickness
BMi

Question 11

what is BMI

Answer 11

body mass index

Question 12

describe BMI

Answer 12

epidemiological tool- not reliable for individual assessment
height to waist ratio and hip to waist ratio

Question 13

what is a better tool than BMI

Answer 13

height to waist ratio and hip to waist ratio

Question 14

how is obesity defined in adults

Answer 14

kg/m2
25-29.9 overweight
BMI of 30 or more is obese
BMI of 40 or more is morbidly obese

Question 15

how is obesity defined in children

Answer 15

set the childrens BMI again standard growth charts

we use 1990 charts

Question 16

what is the pattern of childrens BMI change

Answer 16

rises from birth till age of 9 months

then falls until about 7 years

Question 17

which children’s growth chart do we use in the UK

Answer 17

1990 growth chart

Question 18

where is the cut off line for children overweight status used by clinicians

Answer 18

greater than 91st centile

Question 19

where is the cut off line for children obese status used by clinicians

Answer 19

98th centile

Question 20

what are the causes of obesity

Answer 20

diet
physical activity
genetics and endocrine abnormalities

Question 21

what are major foods that causes in obesity

Answer 21

high consumption energy dense food and drinks

high consumption of sugar sweetened drinks

Question 22

what is important in regards to physical activity

Answer 22

hours of tv watching and sedentary life-style

Question 23

what can be some genetic factors for obesity

Answer 23

prader willi syndrome
cushing syndrome
metabolic syndrome
growth and thyroid deficiency

Question 24

what is leptin

Answer 24

a hormone made by enterocytes and adipose cells which helps diminish hunger and dimities fat stores

Question 25

what is the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2014-2015

in reception

Answer 25

1 in 5 children in reception are overweight or obese

Question 26

what is the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2014-2015 in year 6 children

Answer 26

1 in 3 children

Question 27

which ethnic group is the highest in obesity prevalence in reception ages

Answer 27

the black African ethnic group(16%)

followed by bangladeshi groups

Question 28

describe the links between socioeconomic factors and obesity

Answer 28

higher in areas of deprivation and higher amongst some ethnic minority groups

Question 29

how does obesity trends look like in US adults in 1995

Answer 29

many states are 15-19% obese or overweight and this continues to greatly increase- dark red more than 30%

Question 30

how does obesity trends look like in US adults in 2005

Answer 30

continues to greatly increase- dark red in many states indicates more than 30%

Question 31

which country rates the highest for europes obesity league

Answer 31

24.9% obesity

Question 32

what is the link between obesity and oral health

Answer 32

caries
oral cancer
diabetes

Question 33

is there a link between caries and obesity in children

Answer 33

weak association or none between caries and obesity(2006) but this means that study didn’t find evidence but doesn’t mean there cannot be a link

Question 34

what did the study in 2017 show in Germany

Answer 34

that children with a high BMI have a higher rate of DMFT

Question 35

when was first report of the link between obesity and periodontal disease discovered

Answer 35

1977 using a rat model

Question 36

what was seen in humans in 2003 regarding perio disease and obesity

Answer 36

an survey of 13665 found that overall abdominal obesity are associated with increased prevalence of Perio disease

Question 37

what is diabetes a risk factor for

Answer 37

periodontal disease

Question 38

what is the possible mechanism for diabetics having an increased risk perio disease

Answer 38

increased secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue

Question 39

what do we need to tell diabetic patients

Answer 39

that they are at high risk of having periodontitis

and if they have periodontitis their glycemic control may be difficult and can be at risk of CVD and kidney disease

Question 40

what should people with type 1 type 2 and gestational diabetes have

Answer 40

comprehensive perio evaluation and proper management

Question 41

what can be some problems with obesity and dental treatment

Answer 41

access to the surgery- stairs
dental chairs have a weight limit if the chair is bolted down to the floor - 160kg
access to oral cavity