obesity and oral health Flashcards
what is the number of obese people in developed countries
over 400 million world wide
what is obesity linked to
CVD
cancer
type 2 diabetes
how much more likely are obese people in suffering from hypertension
5x more likely
how much more likely are obese people in suffering from stroke and cardiac failure
increased risk
how much more likely are obese people in suffering from diabetes
increasing number of children affected
what do we also have an increased risk of with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes
retinopathy
and hepatitis
what other issues do we see in relation to obesity
respiratory
orthopaedic
how much percentage of cancers are linked due to obesity in non smokers
10%
what is obesity
excessive adipose tissue- body fat in central adiposity
how is obesity measured
duel energy x ray absorptiometry
bioelectric impedance analysis
skinfold thickness
BMi
what is BMI
body mass index
describe BMI
epidemiological tool- not reliable for individual assessment
height to waist ratio and hip to waist ratio
what is a better tool than BMI
height to waist ratio and hip to waist ratio
how is obesity defined in adults
kg/m2
25-29.9 overweight
BMI of 30 or more is obese
BMI of 40 or more is morbidly obese
how is obesity defined in children
set the childrens BMI again standard growth charts
we use 1990 charts
what is the pattern of childrens BMI change
rises from birth till age of 9 months
then falls until about 7 years
which children’s growth chart do we use in the UK
1990 growth chart
where is the cut off line for children overweight status used by clinicians
greater than 91st centile
where is the cut off line for children obese status used by clinicians
98th centile
what are the causes of obesity
diet
physical activity
genetics and endocrine abnormalities
what are major foods that causes in obesity
high consumption energy dense food and drinks
high consumption of sugar sweetened drinks
what is important in regards to physical activity
hours of tv watching and sedentary life-style
what can be some genetic factors for obesity
prader willi syndrome
cushing syndrome
metabolic syndrome
growth and thyroid deficiency
what is leptin
a hormone made by enterocytes and adipose cells which helps diminish hunger and dimities fat stores
what is the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2014-2015
in reception
1 in 5 children in reception are overweight or obese
what is the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2014-2015 in year 6 children
1 in 3 children
which ethnic group is the highest in obesity prevalence in reception ages
the black African ethnic group(16%)
followed by bangladeshi groups
describe the links between socioeconomic factors and obesity
higher in areas of deprivation and higher amongst some ethnic minority groups
how does obesity trends look like in US adults in 1995
many states are 15-19% obese or overweight and this continues to greatly increase- dark red more than 30%
how does obesity trends look like in US adults in 2005
continues to greatly increase- dark red in many states indicates more than 30%
which country rates the highest for europes obesity league
24.9% obesity
what is the link between obesity and oral health
caries
oral cancer
diabetes
is there a link between caries and obesity in children
weak association or none between caries and obesity(2006) but this means that study didn’t find evidence but doesn’t mean there cannot be a link
what did the study in 2017 show in Germany
that children with a high BMI have a higher rate of DMFT
when was first report of the link between obesity and periodontal disease discovered
1977 using a rat model
what was seen in humans in 2003 regarding perio disease and obesity
an survey of 13665 found that overall abdominal obesity are associated with increased prevalence of Perio disease
what is diabetes a risk factor for
periodontal disease
what is the possible mechanism for diabetics having an increased risk perio disease
increased secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue
what do we need to tell diabetic patients
that they are at high risk of having periodontitis
and if they have periodontitis their glycemic control may be difficult and can be at risk of CVD and kidney disease
what should people with type 1 type 2 and gestational diabetes have
comprehensive perio evaluation and proper management
what can be some problems with obesity and dental treatment
access to the surgery- stairs
dental chairs have a weight limit if the chair is bolted down to the floor - 160kg
access to oral cavity
