nutrition and periodontal disease Flashcards
why is nutrition important
modulates immune response and the host defences are required optimal healing
defensive epithelial barrier of the junctional and crevicular epithelium
what does the rapid turnover of cells dependant on
vitamin A vitamin C protein folic acid iron
what is nutrigenomics
nutrition modifying gene expression and it the genetic basis for variable responses to diet
what are the major nutrients
consumed in gram qualities
such as protein
carbohydrate
lipids
what are the minor nutrients
milligram and microgram quantity
minerals such as calcium and magnesium
why are vitamins important
to maintain metabolic reactions
are vitamins made in sufficient amounts in the body
no- have to be supplied by food or made from a provitamin
which vitamins are fat soluble
vitamins A D E K
which vitamins are water soluble
vitamin C, B vitamins
describe vitamin A
it is essential for night vision and maturation of epithelial tissues
what happens when people have excess vitamin A
causes gingival erosions and bleeding
loss of keratinisation, headache,dry mouth and loss of hair
how can we help when a patient has excess vitamin A
gingival improvement seen in one week when excessive vitamins A was stopped
describe vitamin D
mantinains blood calcium levels and metabolism of osseous tissue
how can we get vitamin D
exposure to sunlight
and synthesised in the body but generally insufficient
when is the sunlight strong enough for in the UK for vitamin D
UV light is strongest in april to september
how do we get vitamin D
oil fish such as salmon and sardines
cod liver oil
egg yolk,meat and milk
some breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamin D
what is the active metabolic of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D
what does the active metabolite inhibit
cytokine production and cell proliferation
probably linked to cancer, diabetes and CVD ]may be associated with vitamin D
what did NHANES III data show with vitamin D
D levels inversely associated with associated with attachment loss in pts older than 50
where is vitamin c made
by all plants and most animals
humans and non human primates and a few other animals can not make vitamin c
why is vitamin c important
required for collagen maturation (hydroxylation of lysine and proline)
what does deficiency of vitamins c cause
scurvy
what are the symptoms of scurvy
muscle weakness
swollen painful joints
tissue bleeding and marked gingivitis
which vitamin do smokers have less of
vit c
why is vitamin b important
energy production from carbohydrates and fats
in red cell formation and in protein and AA metabolism
what does the double blind study show in regards to vitamin b complex
it can improve measures of periodontal wound healing
supplement of vit B improves CAL after flap surgery
why is calcium important
for normal bone metabolism
how is calcium homeostasis controlled
by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
what is the link between dairy and perio disease
low dietary calcium results in more serve perio
what result was seen when calcium supplement was given to post menopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis
shown to prevent tooth loss related to periodontal disease
why is fibre important
increased fibre intake is associated with less perio disease and it can be due to the decrease in plaque accumulation
what can alcohol consumption do to CAL
increased severity of CAL
what is the definition of obesity
defined as a BMI greater than 30kg/m2
what is obesity a risk factor for
hypertension type 2 diabetes
CHD
stroke
gallbladder disease
what does obesity relate to in oral health
xerostomia
caries
periodontitis
what did we learn about obesity in rats in healthy oral conditions
obesity does not promote periodontal alternations
what did we learn about obesity in rats with plaque accumulation
perio inflammation and destruction
where are inflammatory cytokines found
in adipose tissue and adipose macrophages
give examples of inflammatory cytokines
adipokines or adipocytokines,
what do fish oils contain
have anti inflammatory actions which can benefit perio health
Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
which diet is protective against DM
saturated fats, free sugar, high in fruit, vegetables and fibre
which diseases might predispose to perio disease
diabetes mellitus
cerebrovascular disease and obesity
when there was nutritional intervention what did we see in the oral cavity
reduction in probing pocket depth, gingival inflammation and decrease in interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 in GCF
what do Il-1β and and IL-6 are proinflammatory cytokines do
pro inflammatory cytokines involved in periodontal destruction
what is involved in diet and healing
non-surgical and surgical
Eating transiently compromised following therapy: more relevant to surgery
Recommend soft foods post surgery with appropriate dietary balance
in perio samples what was there a lack of
coenzyme 10 which was used in ETC of mitochondria
what did low vitamin c diet lead to
an increase in gingival inflammation and bleeding but not CAL
what is the link between magnesium and perio disease
reported to be associated with PD
what is the link between magnesium to calcium ratio
lower levels of attachment loss
what was noticed in obese rats in response to plaque accumulation
periodontal inflammation and destruction was more severe
why is the location of body fat accumulation important
increase in visceral fat is more important for CAL
which healthy group is 40% Less likely to have periodontitis
those of a normal weight
pursued regular exercise and consumed healthy diet
what is low docosahexaenoic acid related to
more periodontal disease in other subjects
what type of foods should we recommend post surgery
soft foods with dietary balance
what does coenzyme 10 do
Involved in electron transport functions of mitochondria
why was coenzyme 10 relevant to look at
in periodisease tissues lower levels of coenzyme 10
what are chewing sticks
sticks of salvadora persica plant which have selective antimicrobial effect against some oral micro-organisms
