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intro to biomedical sciences IBMS > An overview of the oral mucosa > Flashcards

An overview of the oral mucosa Flashcards

Define what the oral mucosa is Comprehend the functions of oral mucosal Describe the main structure of the oral mucosa Recognise the different types of oral mucosa and their regional and junctional variations

1
Q

what structures are included in the oral mucosa

A 
upper lip 
alveolar mucosa 
hard palate 
soft palate 
cheek 
dorsal surface of the tongue 
gingiva 
floor of mouth
lower lip
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2
Q

what is the oral mucosa

A

the moist lining that covers the whole of the oral cavity

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3
Q

what are the differences between the oral mucosa and skin

A

the colour- oral mucosa lighter- the skin has keratin which is thicker and doesn’t allow blood vessels to show through as much
moisture- oral mucosa has a constant moist surface due to secretion of saliva
appendages- mucosa doesn’t have hair follicles sweat and sebaceous glands

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4
Q

what mechanical challenges does the oral mucosa face

A

chewing

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5
Q

what are the functions of the oral mucosa

A 
protection 
sensation 
secretion 
absorption 
thermal regulation( in dogs) not humans
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6
Q

what does saliva contain

A

antimicrobial peptides which help battle invading microbes that enter

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7
Q

what does the oral mucosa protect against

A

mechanical
abrasive
microbial threats

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8
Q

what sensations can be felt in the oral mucosa

A

touch
temperature
taste
thirst and pain

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9
Q

what can be absorbed in the oral mucosa

A

sublingual dissolving drugs

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10
Q

what function occurs in dogs but not humans

A

thermal regulation- as dogs pant when they are too hot

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11
Q

what drug is used sublingually during angina attacks

A

GTN spray- glyceryl trinitrite spray 3x sprays sublingually

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12
Q

what re the types of oral mucosa

A

masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
specialised mucosa

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13
Q

describe masticatory mucosa

A

areas that are subject to more mastication

more highly keratinised

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14
Q

describe lining mucosa

A

lines areas that are less subject to masticatory forces and the surface of these is less keratinised

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15
Q

describe specialised mucosa

A

subject to masticatory forces so has some keratin but has specialised tissue and structures related to taste eg the upper surface of the tongue

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16
Q

where is masticatory mucosa found

A

on the surface of the gingiva
hard palette
stiffer tissues

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17
Q

where can the lining mucosa be found

A 
on the vermillion border 
the lining of the cheek 
lining of the lips 
floor of the mouth
ventral surface of the tongue
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18
Q

when might the lining mucosa suffer from masticatory forces

A

due to malocclusion

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19
Q

what are the different types of papilla from anterior to posterior of the tongue

A

filiform papilla
fungiform papilla
circumvallate papilla
foliate papilla

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20
Q

describe the anterior 2/3 rds of the tongue

A

keratinised mucosa with specialised structures called papilla which hold tastebuds

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21
Q

describer the posterior 1/3 rd of the tongue

A

filled with lymphoid tissue and called the lingual tonsil

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22
Q

what is the main tissue component of the oral mucosa

A 
epithelium 
lamina propia 
submucosa 
periosteum
bone
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23
Q

what two parts make up connective tissue

A

lamina propia

submucosa

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24
Q

what is epithelial tissue

A

can be formed from ectoderm mesoderm or endoderm- closely packed layer of cells which line a cavity or hollow organ or body surface

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25
Q

what are the types of epithelial tissue

A 
simple squamous 
simple cuboidal 
simple columnar 
transitional 
pseudo stratified columnar 
stratified cuboidal 
stratified squamous
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26
Q

what are the two major types of epithelial cells

A

simple cells- one layer of cells

stratified cells- multilayer of cells

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27
Q

what cells is the oral mucosa covered by

A

stratified squamous epithelium

28
Q

what are the types of attachments between cells

A 
tight junctions 
adherens junctions 
gap junction 
hemidesmosomes 
desmosomes
29
Q

what is the desmosome

A

thickening plaques of the cell membrane which contains transmembrane filaments which contains cadherin protein

30
Q

what protein is found in desmosomes

A

cadherin

31
Q

describer the tight junction

A

specialised protein structure and tightens the gap between cells and prevents leakage and has selective permeable functions
hold adjacent epithelial structures together

32
Q

describe the hemidesmosome

A

thickening plaques of the cell membrane which contains transmembrane filaments allows the cells to be tightly attached to the underlying basal lamina membrane and the ECM

33
Q

what is the difference between keratinised and non keratinised

A

keratinsed- doesn’t look like cells as it is a protein and forms a thick layer on top of the cells
non keratinised- thicker and formed of more layers of cells due to the fact has to resist masticatory forces

34
Q

what are the cellular components of the oral epithelium

A

keratinocytes and non keratinocytes

35
Q

describer keratinocytes

A

those cells of keratinised and non keratinised epithelium

36
Q

give examples of non keratinocytes

A

melanocytes
langerhans cell
merkels cells
and inflammatory cells

37
Q

what is the difference between the prickle cell layer in keratinised cells and non keratinised cells

A

in keratinised- has more tonobrils and

38
Q

what is found in the granular cell layer

A

keratohyaline granules- precursor of keratin

39
Q

what is the order of layers of cells in keratinocytes (keratinised)

A

keratinised surface layer
granular intermediate layer
prickle cell layer
basal cell

40
Q

what is the order of layers of cells in keratinocytes (non keratinised)

A

surface layer
intermediate layer- doesn’t contain granules of keratohyaline so it is not granulated intermediate
prickle cell layer
basal layer

41
Q

what are the different levels of keratin maturation

A

ortho keratin- no nuclei in superficial layer
par keratin- remnants in the super facial layer
non keratinised- nuclei in the superficial layer

42
Q

what is completely matured keratin called

A

ortho keratin

43
Q

where are langerhans cells found

A

in the prickle cell layer of non keratinised cells

44
Q

where are merkel cells found

A

in the basal layer of non keratinised cells

45
Q

where are melanocytes found

A

in the basal layer of non keratinised cells

46
Q

give examples of dendritic cells

A

langerhans cells
merkel cells
melanocyte cells

47
Q

what do langerhans cell do

A

immune/defence: antigen presentation

48
Q

what do melanocytes do

A

pigmentation:synthesis of melanin

49
Q

what do merkel cells do

A

sensory: tactile sensation

50
Q

what is the lamina propria formed of

A

the papillary layer and the reticular layer

51
Q

describe the cells the lamina propria is made out of

A 
fibroblasts 
endothelial cells 
inflammatory cells: macrophages 
mast cells 
lymphocytes
52
Q

what are mast cells called before activation

A

histolytic cells- develop pseudopodia which helps them move around and surround bacteria and engulf via endocytosis

53
Q

what is the structure of the lamina propria

A

fibres
ECM- contains glycoproteins and proteoglycans
blood supply
nerve supply

54
Q

what fibres is the lamina propria made from

A

collagen type 1
collagen type 3
2% non collagenous fibres( elastin oxytalan)

55
Q

what percentage of type 1 fibre collagen is the lamina propria made from

A

90%

56
Q

what percentage of type 3 fibre collagen is the lamina propria made from

A

8%

57
Q

what is the basal layer made from

A

the lamina lucida first then

the lamina densa

58
Q

what connects the epithelial cell to the basal layer

A

the hemidesmosomes which are connected to the lamina lucida and densa and an anchoring fibril is connected to the connective tissue

59
Q

what are the anchoring fibres made from

A

collagen type 6

60
Q

what structures are found in the submucosa

A

gland
nerves
artery
vein

61
Q

describe the filiform papilla

A

pyramidal and are highly keratinised cover almost all surfaces of the tongue
no tastebuds

62
Q

what condition can be seen which involves the filiform papilla

A

the papilla can become overgrown and overkeratinisation this in turn can cause a hairy tongue (harbours bacteria and fungi)

63
Q

describe fungiform papilla

A

look like a mushroom shape

contain tastebuds

64
Q

describe the foliate papilla

A

they are leaf shaped

65
Q

describe the pathway of taste buds

A

Taste buds detect chemicals dissolved in saliva from food in the mouth and throat. Then, these taste buds send their sensory information through neurons to the gustatory centre of the brain.

66
Q

what are the different junctions in the oral mucosa

A

mucocutaneous
mucodental
mucogingival

intro to biomedical sciences IBMS (35 decks)

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