anatomy and function of the digestive tract Flashcards
Outline the components of the digestive system from proximal to distal and describe their main functions Understand what is meant by the term ‘peritoneum’ Describe the regions of the abdominal cavity
what is the function of the digestive tract
transport of foodstuffs
breakdown of foodstuffs
absorption of sugars proteins fats and vitamins, minerals and water
excretion of waters
what is absoped in the digestive tract
sugars proteins vitamins minerals water fats
what is the digestive tract also known as
the GI tract
what does GI tract stand for
Gastro intestinal tract
what shape is the GI tract
a long muscular tube
what substances are emptied into the tract to aid digestion
enzymes
acid
bile
what are the major subdivisions of the digestive tract
- oral cavity, teeth, tongue
- pharynx
- oesophagus
- stomach
- small intestine SI
- large intestine LI
what do the oral cavity teeth and tongue do
mechanical processing
moistening
mixing with saliva
what does the pharynx do
muscular propulsion of materials into the oesophagus
what does the oesophagus do
transport materials to the stomach
what does the stomach do
chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes
mechanical processing through muscular contractions
what does the SI do
enzymatic digestion and absorption of water organic substances vitamins and ions
what does the LI do
enzymatic digestion and absorption of water organic substances vitamins and ions
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
what do salivary glands do
secretion of lubricating fluid which contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates
what does the liver do
secretion of bile (important for lipid digestion)- storage of nutrients and many other vital functions
what does the gallbladder do
storage and concentration of bile
what does the pancreas do
exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes,
endocrine secrete hormones
what do exocrine cells release from the pancreas
buffers and digestive enzymes
what do endocrine cells release from the pancreas
they secrete hormones
what is the order of organs in the tube from proximal to distal
oral cavity oesophagus stomach SI LI rectum Anus
what level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm
T10- oesophagus has 10 letters
what does the oral cavity do
the mechanical breakdown of food
chemical breakdown of food- parotid gland
which muscle allows us to keep food on our teeth surface
Buccinator
which is the largest salivary gland
parotid
which clues can we see of GI tract/ systemic diseases in the mouth
oral thrush decay ulceration discolouration of teeth softened teeth/erosion abscesses
describe the oesophagus
muscular tube which connects the mouth to the stomach
what does the oesophagus consist of
smooth muscle
which organ connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus
pharynx
how does the bolus of food move down the oesophagus
by waves of contractions of the smooth muscle in the oesophagus