Disinfection and decontamination Flashcards

1
Q

what is contamination

A

the soliling or pollution of inanimate objects or living materials with harmful or potentially infectious materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is decontamination

A

combination of processes and includes cleaning, disinfection and sterilization, according to the intended use of the device. This aims to render a re-usable item safe for further use on service users and for handling by staff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of equipment is reusable

A

equipment that is near the patient but has not been invasive eg the dental chair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are examples of invasive medical devices

A

dental instruments or endoscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how should equipment be decontaminated

A

accordance with manufacturors instructions or local best practice guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the device need to comply with

A

European Medical Devices Regulations 2018 where applicable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does inadequate decontamination allow the transfer of

A

microorganisms

Foreign protein which may cause adverse reactions such as granuloma, adhesions or variant Creufeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the order of resistance to decontamination most to least

A
Prions
Bacterial spores
Mycobacteria
Non-enveloped viruses
Fungi
Gram negative bacteria
Gram positive bacteria
Enveloped viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do we do for high risk equipment

A

sterilize it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do we do for medium risk equipment

A

sterilize it or disinfections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when might chemical disinfectants fail

A

when dilutions and contact times are not adhered to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are alcohol wipes not protective against

A

spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do we use to clean the dental unit water lines

A

oxygenal

alpron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do we use to clean blood and body fluids

A

10000 ppm sodium dichloraisocy-anuate NaDCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the advantages of chemical disinfection

A

Inexpensive (ish), portable (ish), may sterilize given the right conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the disadvantages with chemical disinfection

A

difficult to control and quality control
may become contaminated
may damage equipment

17
Q

how does washer disinfector work

A

water temp at 90 degrees for 1 min or 80 degrees for 10 mins

18
Q

what are the advantages for heat disinfection

A

operator safety
wash and dry cycle
thermal disinfection
repeatable cycles

19
Q

disadvantages

A

requires expensive equipment

20
Q

how are prions destroyed

A

incineration

21
Q

what temperature do we autoclave at

A

134-137 for 3-3.5 minutes

22
Q

what are prions

A

the agents of transmissible spongifrom encephalopathies

23
Q

how are prions destroyed

A

20000 ppm NaHCL for an hour

24
Q

what is the infection risk dependant of

A

type of treatment
effectiveness of decontamination
environmental decontamination
susceptibility with infection

25
Q

how do we reduce the infection risk in the dental institute

A

clean
clean btween patient
disinfect DUWL
monitor

26
Q

what must not be used on vomit or urine

A

chlorine as chlorine gas can be released

27
Q

what is legionellosis caused by

A

legionella species

28
Q

what are risk factors for legionnaires disease

A

advancing age, alcohol abuse, smoking, chronic cardio-respiratory disease, diabetes, malignancy.

29
Q

what does pseudomonas aerugiosa cuase

A

resp infections in those with lung disease

30
Q

what can mycobacterium chelonae cause

A

oppertunistic infections in skin and soft tissue after surgery
found in soil and water
in normal flora in the digestive and resp tract of humans