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intro to biomedical sciences IBMS > nutrition and caries > Flashcards

nutrition and caries Flashcards

1
Q

what is pre eruption effects

A

nutritional effects which effect the enamel systemically eg calcium deficiency leading to rickets

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2
Q

what is pre eruption effects

A

nutritional effects which effect the enamel systemically eg calcium deficiency leading to rickets

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3
Q

what is post eruption effects

A

NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS THAT are topical only on the enamel

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4
Q

what might dietary components cause

A

increased or decreased caries risk

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5
Q

why might dietary components cause increased caries risk

A

increase in fermentable carbohydrates
reduction in remineralisation process
reduction in salivary flow

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6
Q

why might dietary components decrease caries risk

A

inhibit microbial metabolism

promote natural remineralisation

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7
Q

which nutritional factors may affect the teeth during enamle development

A

mineral ions

vitamins

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8
Q

what does deficient calcium or phosphate lead to

A

compromisation of mineral tissues such as teeth- eg hypoplastic enamel

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9
Q

what does XS fluoride intake lead to

A

fluorosis

lead to fragility

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10
Q

what does a decrease in fluoride lead to

A

increases susceptibility to caries

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11
Q

what does a decrease in fluoride lead to

A

increases susceptibility to caries

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12
Q

what is post eruption effects

A

NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS THAT are topical only on the enamel

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13
Q

what might dietary components cause

A

increased or decreased caries risk

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14
Q

why might dietary components cause increased caries risk

A

increase in fermentable carbohydrates
reduction in remineralisation process
reduction in salivary flow

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15
Q

why might dietary components decrease caries risk

A

inhibit microbial metabolism

promote natural remineralisation

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16
Q

which nutritional factors may affect the teeth during enamle development

A

mineral ions

vitamins

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17
Q

what does deficient calcium or phosphate lead to

A

compromisation of mineral tissues such as teeth- eg hypoplastic enamel

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18
Q

if calcium is scarce growth of what is more important

A

enamel development rather than bone

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19
Q

what does XS fluoride intake lead to

A

fluorosis

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20
Q

what does pem lead to in the saliva

A

low protein diet- PEM can lead to decrease in the calcium content of saliva and protein content and the proteins form protective layer of the saliva
and the buffering- IgA and lysozymes rate reduced
reduced fluid rate

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21
Q

what can vit E deficiency lead to

A

disturb enamel formation in animals

RARE IN HUMAN

22
Q

give examples of protein found in saliva

A

arginase and ferritin

23
Q

what does arginase do in the saliva

A

bacteria feed on the arginine in the plaque which produces urea and ornithine

24
Q

why is the urea helpful in the arginine pathway

A

as then the bacteria feeds on the urea and arginase and releases ammonia to create a favourable alkaline environment

25
Q

what can vit D deficiency lead to

A

disturbed calcium and phosphate metabolism- rickets

eg slight enamel hypoplasia

26
Q

what is enamel hypoplasia seen as clinically

A

rough pitted enamel can lead to the adherence of food and plaque better
more fragile

27
Q

which three acids does pyruavte produce

A

lactic acid
formic acid
acetic acid

28
Q

what is PEM

A

protein energy malnutrition

can affect both the tooth structure and saliva composition

29
Q

what does pem lead to in the tooth structure

A

associated with enamel hypoplasia

30
Q

when are sugars particularly bad

A

when mixed with sticky starch based food eg cake or eaten as solids

31
Q

give examples of plaque polymers

A

glucan and fructan

32
Q

give examples of protein found in saliva

A

arginase and ferritin

33
Q

what does arginase do in the saliva

A

bacteria feed on the arginine in the plaque in the plaque

34
Q

why is the urea helpful in the arginine pathway

A

as then the bacteria feeds on the urea and arginase and releases ammonia to create a favourab;e

35
Q

how much water should we drink a day

A
  1. 5 L a day

1. 8 L from beverages

36
Q

what can be the issue with dehydration

A

reduces the salivary flow rate
increased caries risk
can be an issue for athletes with sports drinks which have high sugar

37
Q

which three acids does pyruavte produce

A

lactic acid
formic acid
acetic acid

38
Q

why are some carbohydrates more cariogenic than others

A

-due to the stickiness of the carb eg toffees
-formation of extracellular and intracellular plaque polysaccharides which change the environment for bacteria- leading to more cariogenic bacteria being present
promoting bacterial adherence

39
Q

what is the cariogenicity of starch

A

low- less acidogenic

40
Q

when are sugars particularly bad

A

when mixed with sticky starch based food eg cake or eaten as solids

41
Q

give examples of plaque polymers

A

glucan and fructan

42
Q

what is absent in the plaque overnight if it is starved

A

fructasn

43
Q

is fruit bad to eat

A

no as it can increase salivary flow
considered as low cariogenic risk- intrinsic sugar
but picking at fruit not good

44
Q

is fruit juices ok to eat

A

more cariogenic and have less salivary stimulus

more extrinsic sugar added too

45
Q

describe milk

A

contains around 5% lactose sugar but is cariostatic
contains calcium and phospahet which inhibit demin and promote remin
non casein proteins bibnd to enamel and protect surface

46
Q

what does milk contain which protects against caries

A

non caesin proteins

47
Q

what does chocolate contain

A

cocoa factor- anticariogenic

48
Q

what does liquorice contain

A

glycyrrhiziinic acid - caries preventative

49
Q

what is an issue with liquorice

A

electrolyte imbalance

50
Q

describe sugar substitutes

A

bulk sweetners
all are calorific
non cariogenic - xylitol is anticariogenic

51
Q

what can sugar substitutes cause

A

osmotic diarrhoea

52
Q

what are intense sweetners

A

more sweet than sucrose added in small amounts

not cariogenic

intro to biomedical sciences IBMS (35 decks)

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