nutrition and caries Flashcards
what is pre eruption effects
nutritional effects which effect the enamel systemically eg calcium deficiency leading to rickets
what is pre eruption effects
nutritional effects which effect the enamel systemically eg calcium deficiency leading to rickets
what is post eruption effects
NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS THAT are topical only on the enamel
what might dietary components cause
increased or decreased caries risk
why might dietary components cause increased caries risk
increase in fermentable carbohydrates
reduction in remineralisation process
reduction in salivary flow
why might dietary components decrease caries risk
inhibit microbial metabolism
promote natural remineralisation
which nutritional factors may affect the teeth during enamle development
mineral ions
vitamins
what does deficient calcium or phosphate lead to
compromisation of mineral tissues such as teeth- eg hypoplastic enamel
what does XS fluoride intake lead to
fluorosis
lead to fragility
what does a decrease in fluoride lead to
increases susceptibility to caries
what does a decrease in fluoride lead to
increases susceptibility to caries
what is post eruption effects
NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS THAT are topical only on the enamel
what might dietary components cause
increased or decreased caries risk
why might dietary components cause increased caries risk
increase in fermentable carbohydrates
reduction in remineralisation process
reduction in salivary flow
why might dietary components decrease caries risk
inhibit microbial metabolism
promote natural remineralisation
which nutritional factors may affect the teeth during enamle development
mineral ions
vitamins
what does deficient calcium or phosphate lead to
compromisation of mineral tissues such as teeth- eg hypoplastic enamel
if calcium is scarce growth of what is more important
enamel development rather than bone
what does XS fluoride intake lead to
fluorosis
what does pem lead to in the saliva
low protein diet- PEM can lead to decrease in the calcium content of saliva and protein content and the proteins form protective layer of the saliva
and the buffering- IgA and lysozymes rate reduced
reduced fluid rate
what can vit E deficiency lead to
disturb enamel formation in animals
RARE IN HUMAN
give examples of protein found in saliva
arginase and ferritin
what does arginase do in the saliva
bacteria feed on the arginine in the plaque which produces urea and ornithine
why is the urea helpful in the arginine pathway
as then the bacteria feeds on the urea and arginase and releases ammonia to create a favourable alkaline environment
what can vit D deficiency lead to
disturbed calcium and phosphate metabolism- rickets
eg slight enamel hypoplasia
what is enamel hypoplasia seen as clinically
rough pitted enamel can lead to the adherence of food and plaque better
more fragile
which three acids does pyruavte produce
lactic acid
formic acid
acetic acid
what is PEM
protein energy malnutrition
can affect both the tooth structure and saliva composition
what does pem lead to in the tooth structure
associated with enamel hypoplasia
when are sugars particularly bad
when mixed with sticky starch based food eg cake or eaten as solids
give examples of plaque polymers
glucan and fructan
give examples of protein found in saliva
arginase and ferritin
what does arginase do in the saliva
bacteria feed on the arginine in the plaque in the plaque
why is the urea helpful in the arginine pathway
as then the bacteria feeds on the urea and arginase and releases ammonia to create a favourab;e
how much water should we drink a day
- 5 L a day
1. 8 L from beverages
what can be the issue with dehydration
reduces the salivary flow rate
increased caries risk
can be an issue for athletes with sports drinks which have high sugar
which three acids does pyruavte produce
lactic acid
formic acid
acetic acid
why are some carbohydrates more cariogenic than others
-due to the stickiness of the carb eg toffees
-formation of extracellular and intracellular plaque polysaccharides which change the environment for bacteria- leading to more cariogenic bacteria being present
promoting bacterial adherence
what is the cariogenicity of starch
low- less acidogenic
when are sugars particularly bad
when mixed with sticky starch based food eg cake or eaten as solids
give examples of plaque polymers
glucan and fructan
what is absent in the plaque overnight if it is starved
fructasn
is fruit bad to eat
no as it can increase salivary flow
considered as low cariogenic risk- intrinsic sugar
but picking at fruit not good
is fruit juices ok to eat
more cariogenic and have less salivary stimulus
more extrinsic sugar added too
describe milk
contains around 5% lactose sugar but is cariostatic
contains calcium and phospahet which inhibit demin and promote remin
non casein proteins bibnd to enamel and protect surface
what does milk contain which protects against caries
non caesin proteins
what does chocolate contain
cocoa factor- anticariogenic
what does liquorice contain
glycyrrhiziinic acid - caries preventative
what is an issue with liquorice
electrolyte imbalance
describe sugar substitutes
bulk sweetners
all are calorific
non cariogenic - xylitol is anticariogenic
what can sugar substitutes cause
osmotic diarrhoea
what are intense sweetners
more sweet than sucrose added in small amounts
not cariogenic
