Obesity and Diabetes Flashcards
Neurons require a constant source of…………from the blood
Glucose
What does insulin do?
Lowers blood glucose level
Where is glucose absorbed in the body?
Small intestine and then into the capillaries
What is the insulin regulated glucose transporter found primarily in adipose tissues and striated muscle?
GLUT4
Glucose enters the liver and muscle via what?
GLUT4
Which cells don’t require insulin?
Neurons and red blood cells.
Insulin is secreted by beta cells from where?
The pancreas.
Insulin secretion is stimulated by what?
Hyperglycaemia and the parasympathetic nervous system.
Glucose is stored as glycogen in which part of the body?
Liver and Skeletal muscle.
Storage of fatty acids is found?
In the liver.
Storage of triglycerides is found?
In adipose tissue.
Storage of amino acids is found?
In muscle.
What is stored with glycogen?
Water.
Breaking down glycogen in the liver produces what?
Glucose.
What is hyperglycaemia?
An excess of glucose in the blood stream associated with diabetes mellitus.
What is polyphagia?
Depleted cell stores of carbohydrates proteins and fats.
Dehydration due to increased urine output is called?
Polydipsia.
Increased diluted urine output is called?
Polyuria.
What is Glycosuria?
Glucose in the urine.
An indication of diabetes mellitus would show your fasting plasma glucose level as what?
> 7mmol/L
Diabetes usually diagnosed in childhood is which type?
Type 1.
Who is more susceptible to type 2 diabetes?
Adults +35 years usually resulting from poor lifestyle choices.
What causes hyperinsulinaemia?
Insulin resistance - a condition in which your body is resistant to the effects of insulin.
What are some risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
- overweight and obesity
- pre-diabetes
- poor diet
- physical in activity
- metabolic syndrome
- smoking
- genetic susceptibility
What are some clinical features of type 2 diabetes?
- fatigue
- visual changes
- recurring infections
- prolonged wound healing
- thrush
- paraesthesias - burning prickling itching or tingling of skin
During pregnancy gestationally diabetes can occur how does this affect the fetus?
The baby will be large for its age.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
When the body cannot use sugar as a fuel source because there is not enough insulin. Fat is used for fuel instead. When fat breaks down waste products called ketones build up in the body.
What is hypoglycaemia?
Low blood glucose levels
Causes of hypoglycaemia.
- insufficient food
- drinking alcohol
- unplanned physical activity
What levels indicate hyperglycaemia?
> 11mmol/L