obedience + culture Flashcards
obedience + culture
What is culture
Culture is the collective beliefs attitude and social norms of people e.g a religion shared = behaviors and attitudes past to generation to generation
obedience + culture
Individualistic culture
these are cultures that behave more independently resist conformity and compliance/obedience
E g UK or USA
obedience + culture
Collectivist culture
These are cultures that behave as a collective group based on interdependence
Cooperation and Compliance is key for the stability of the group and obedience is likely
EG China or Israel
obedience + culture
is there a difference
yes
Smith and Bond (1998)
People who belong to individualistic cultures American British coaches and they’re not behave independently when collected cultures such as China and Japan
Smith & Bond support the theory that there is a culture difference in obedience
obedience + culture
Individualistic cultures have low obedience
Agree
kilham and mann 1974
This study was a milgram-esque study of first year students in Australia (an indivisualist culture) administering shocks up to 450 volts
So the procedure was exactly the same as milligrams procedure was the only difference in taking place in Australia with first year students
The results found that 28% of students went up to the full 450 volts
This is evidence supporting the idea that individualistic cultures have low levels of obedience
obedience + culture
Indivisualistic has low obedience
oppose
Milgram 1963
Milgram’s original 1963 study opposes the idea that individualistic cultures have low levels of obedience as he found that out of the 40 adult Americans that part of in his study involving progressively increasing the shocks to a learner each time they got a word association question wrong by 15V UP TO 450V
Millgram found that 65% of his participants shocked the learn up to the full 450 volts
This is therefore evidence opposing the idea of individualistic cultures have got low levels of obedience as 65% is a majority number of people in an individualistic culture (USA) that obeyed authority figure and shocked the learner up to 450 volts
obedience + culture
Collectivist cultures have high obedience
agree
Edwards et al 1969
This study found a 87.5% rating of obedience which is extremely high
They found this in South Africa ( a collectivist culture)
This was another Milgram-esque study with each time a learner got a word association question wrong the ppts shocks the learner, increases the voltage by 15 volts up to 450 volts
This study results agrees with the idea that collectivist cultures have high levels of obedience as 87.5% obedience rate is extremely high
obedience + culture
collectivist cultures have high obedience
opose
Shanab and Yahya 1977
jordan
This study used 192 Jordain (from jordan a collectivist country) children aged 6-8, 10-12 and 14-16 and milligrams original studies procedure with each time a learner gets a word association question wrong participants shock for learner and increase the voltage by 15 V up to 450v
However this study added a control group where participants were given a free choice of delivering or not delivering the shock when the learner made a mistake
The experimental group showed that 73% of participants obeyed
and 16% obeyed in the control group
The control groups result poses the idea that collectivist cultures have high levels of obedience as spite and having the option to not shock them, having a high obedience rate would have suggested that they would have still obeyed orders which they did not therefore this is evidence against the statement
obedience + culture
Cultural differences in obedience
no
The mere existance of all of Milgrams Studys finding individualistic coaches having high obedience and shanab and yahya 1977 showing the collectivist cultures can be extremely unobedient suggests that perhaps there is in fact no cultural differences are now obedience or at least much less difference than what Smith and bond 1998 originally stated
obedience + culture
Final judgement
nature or nurture obedience?
Overall while it has been discussed that there is much less of cultural difference in obedience than once believed there is still a cultural difference present their for leading to the conclusion
that obedience is influenced by Nature due to the still being some form of cultural difference and plenty of evidence to support it such as summary studies such as blass 2000 which concluded that on average overall collect this coaches were more obedience with only very few exceptions including milgram 1963+ and shurz 1985
So overall obedience is influenced by nurture and there is a slight on average cultural difference in obedience between individualistic cultures and collectivist cultures
