Individual Differences And Prejudice Flashcards
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Intro
Individual differences overall do affect prejudice and discrimination
This can be seen in two different personality theories
Authoritarian Personality Theory
Social dominance orientation Theory
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality Theory
Paragraph 1/3
how make f-scale and traits of AP
AO1
• traits of somebody with an authoritarian personality:
• blinding allegiance to traditional right and wrong
• Aggression to those who do not do traditional thinking
• The need for strong leadership
• Resistance to creative ideas
• Project feelings of Fear and anger etc. on to a scapegoat group who is perceived as weaker EG ethic minorities.
A03
• Authoritarian personality Theory was created by adorno et al 1954 it’s based on a research project where people who were believed the highly authoritarian were interviewed
• common traits of these people were found these traits were used to create the f-scale which is a test to detect the central attributes of authoritarian personality in a person
• the scale consists of 30 items covering issues such as: obedience, respect for authority, aggression towards deviant groups such as homosexuals and general ethnocentricism
• is therefore created a objective scientific tool for determining if somebody had oritarian personality buy figuring out authoritarian personalities common traits
• therefore evidence supporting authoritarian personality Theory affecting levels of Prejudice and discrimination as General ethnocentricism and aggression towards deviant groups was stated in the scale, which are examples of prejudice and Discrimination
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality Theory
paragraph 2/3
acquiescence bias and backstory
Ao1
• this type of Personality develops during strict upbringing by harsh parents
• as they are unable to display hostility towards them out of Fear or criticism
• so they displace it on “safer targets” who were perceived as ‘weaker’ EG ethnic minoritys
AO3
• Greenstein 1969 pointed out that the floor with the F scale is that all of the questions were worded in the same direction
• this meant it is possible to get a high score just by taking the same line of boxes down one side of the page(aquiescenes bias)
• this means that people who score highly on the f-scale may not nessasarily be authoritarian but simply have a tendency to agree to everything.
• this is a extremely variable that effects the internal validity of the f-scale, due to the results of the f-scale not necessarily being linked to authoritarianism therefore meaning that cause and effect cannot be accuratly established, meaning Adorno et al’s F-scale is bad research to support Authoritariam personality theory affecting prejudice and discrimination
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality Theory
paragraph 3/3
AO1
• people with authoritarian personality would blame their problems and failures on outgroups perceived as weaker (Scapegoating)
• or target outgroups to project their emotions and feelings onto them e.g., anger, fear and aggression (Also Scapegoating)
AO3
• an example of scapegoating in authoritarian personality theory would be the Nazis in Ww2 blaming Jews for the German deffeat of ww1
• However it is a limitation of the theory as it cannot explain this, this is due to it being EXTREEMLY unlikley for every Nazi to have Authoritarian personality
• making this a limitation of Authoritarian personality theory affecting levels of prejudice and discrimination
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Social dominance orientation Theory SDO
paragraph 1/3
Aggression to gain an advantage over another group
Gaucher, Friesen and kay 2011
Job ads
AO1
• people with xdo personality is a more likely to show aggression to other groups who are not their own.
• this is to gain an advantage over them in something for example money (the boss is paying some groups more than other groups e.g. migrants)
• therefore showing Prejudice to other groups
AO3
• gaucher, friesen and kay 2011
• they showed that some SDO groups might attempt to maintain their domainance by skewing job advertisements subtly
• EG in male dominated industry such as engineering they might construct job advertisements that attract other men
•for example referring to traits such as headstrong rather than traits that are communal such as kindness
• women who read these job advertisements may not feel that they belong there therefore they will not seek those job roles
• this is therefore evidence supporting the idea that social dominance orientation personalities affects levels of Prejudice and discrimination
• as these job advertisements are skewed against other groups such as women
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Social dominance orientation Theory SDO
paragraph 2/3
When overgroups seem to have an advantage over them sdo actively campaigns against it
Gaucher Friesen and kay 2011 eco job ads
AO1
• if people with sdo personalities perceive another group as having something that they do not or have benefits that they do not
• they may actively campaign and discriminate against them stating that they have have an advantage over them
• for example while sdo personalities are unemployed, migrants are employed
• therefore SDO personalities would campaign for them to be deported because they were stealing their jobs
Ao3
• Gaucher, Friesen and Kay 2011
• this study is good research to support the idea that SDO personalities affect levels of prejudice and discrimination
• this is due to it having high ecological validity as all of the job advertisements that were used in the study were real
• therefore it shows that this happens in real life and is likely to occur in real life again
• meaning this study is high ecological validity and is therefore good research to support social dominance orientation affecting levels of Prejudice and discrimination
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Social dominance orientation Theory SDO
paragraph 3/3
how got it?
reductionist to simple
A01
• may have have been educated stating that they should dominate other social groups (i.e segregation) but when attitudes around it changes they do not, so they continue to do prejudice and discriminate against them.
Ao3
• this theory is reductionist, this is due to it stating that the only reason for personality causing Prejudice is due to the fact one group wants to dominate others to gain power
• this is a two simplistic explanation of prejudice as often it can, for example: involve personal grudges or passed on from parents/ grandparents (older social outdated norms not just modern ones) that create prejudice that may be shared with likeminded people or friends to create a group prejudice.
• due to not considering these other options and applying it to their Theory, this theory remains two simplistic to be a explanation of how personality causes Prejudice using the factor of power and social domination alone
Individual Differences/personality And Prejudice
Conclusion + ap
• overall evidence of Supporting authoritarian personality Theory and social dominance orientation Theory suggests that personality and individual differences in fact do affect levels of Prejudice and discrimination
• why are some evidence may be floored the general consensus is that the factors do affect levels of Prejudice and discrimination
• this is a positive correlation as those with social dominance orientated personalities and authoritarian personalities are more likely to have increased levels of Prejudice and discrimination towards other groups
• an application of this would be due to both of these types of personalities developing with early stages either through strict neglecting parenting (APT) or socialization and traumatic life experiences and education (SDO)
• meaning building level of Prejudice and discrimination that these types of personalities do could be lowered if given education not to do so over negative impact of such things
