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Oral biology > OB P4- Tongue and taste buds > Flashcards

OB P4- Tongue and taste buds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the tongue?

A
  • Ingestion
  • Sensory
  • Integrated action
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2
Q

Describe the ingestion function of the tongue?

A
  •  Mastication
  •  Suckling
  •  Swallowing
  •  Cleansing mouth
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3
Q

Describe the sensory function of the tongue.

A

-Taste/ gustation
> Quality control prior to ingestion : protection, food selection, food avoidance , reflex effects

-Touch/ mechanoreception

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4
Q

Describe the integrated action function of the tongue.

A

speech

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5
Q

What Is gustation?

A

gustation is activation of nerual pathways from tthe periphery to the centre

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6
Q

What is the common chemical sense?

A

Nociception-pain
- activated sensation vie free nevre endings in the epithelium in the mouth and pahrynx - SPICY FOOD - capsacin - burn in hot food -

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7
Q

Where are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue found?

A

Originate from structures outside the tongue and insert into the tongue

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8
Q

Name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

– Genioglossus (XII)
– Hyoglossus (XII)
– Styloglossus (XII)
– Palatoglossus (X)

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9
Q

What role do the extrinsic muscles have?

A
  •  Change shape of tongue

-  Move tongue bodily (protrude, retract, depress, and elevate the tongue)

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10
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue found?

A

originate and insert within the substance of the tongue

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11
Q

Name the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

– superior longitudinal
– inferior longitudinal
– transverse
– Vertical

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12
Q

What role do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue have?

A

Change shape of tongue:
– lengthening and shortening
– curling and uncurling its apex and edges
– flattening and rounding its surface

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13
Q

what are the receptors in the tongue?

A

taste buds

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14
Q

How many taste buds are found throughout the mouth and pharynx?

A

2000-5000

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15
Q

Where are the taste buds found?

A

hard/soft palate junction

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16
Q

where are the majority of the taste buds?

A

tongue:
– dorsal and lateral aspects
– most in papillae

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17
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae?

A
  • Circumvallate
  • foliate
  • fungiform
  • filiform
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18
Q

What papillae have no taste buds?

A

filiform

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19
Q

Where the location of filiform papillae?

A

anterior part of tongue

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20
Q

What is the structure of the filiform papillae?

A 
– Cone shaped
– Connective tissue core
– Keratinised epithelial cover 
• tough abrasive surface
– Non-keratinised epithelium inbetween 
• flexibility
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21
Q

where is the location of fungiform papillae?

A

anterior part of the tongue

22
Q

What is the innervation off the fungiform papillae?

A

VII Facial (carried by lingual via chorda tympani)

23
Q

what do fungiform papillae look like clinically?

A

red spots

24
Q

How many fungiform papillae are there?

A

200

25
Q

How many taste buds are there per fungiform papillae?

A

– Anterior: 1-18
– Mid tongue: 1-9
– ~ 1120 fungiform taste buds per tongue

26
Q

Where is the location of the foliate papillae?

A

Lateral margin of posterior aspect in 4-11 parallel ridges

27
Q

What is the innervation of the foliate papillae?

A

– VII (anterior)

– IX (Posterior)

28
Q

What glands hang down from foliate papillae?

A

serous glands of von ebner

29
Q

How many taste buds are there per foliate papillae?

A

– 117

– ~1280 foliate taste buds per tongue.

30
Q

where is the location of the circumvallate papillae?

A

Anterior to sulcus terminalis

31
Q

What is the innervation of the circumvallate papillae?

A

IX glossopharyngeal

32
Q

How many circumvallate papillae are there in the mouth?

A

– 3-13 circumvallate papillae per tongue
– 252 taste buds per papillae
– ~2200 circumvallate taste buds per tongue

33
Q

What is the importance of salvia?

A

-Essential for normal taste
- solvent and transport
- Taste pores bathed in:
> pooled saliva
>fluid from serous glands of von Ebner
- Taste adapted to salivary environment
- Serous glands of von Ebner: > diffusion pathway
> remove stimuli by active secretion
> secrete binding proteins

34
Q

What happens at a taste pore?

A
  • containing pore substance
  • travels through pore
  • stimulus transferred to nerves
35
Q

what are the 4 types of cells types in taste buds?

A
  • Type I -dark cells
  • Type II - light cells
  • Type III- receptors
  • Type IV
36
Q

Describe Type I - dark cells.

A

– support cells

– producers taste pore substance

37
Q

Describe type II - light cells .

A

– ? immature type III cells
– ? support cells
– ? Receptors

38
Q

Describe type III- receptors cells.

A

synaptically coupled to gustatory nerves

39
Q

Describe Type IV cells.

A

precursors of types I - III

40
Q

Describe the taste bud cell turnover.

A
  •  Autoradiography
  •  10 life span
  •  Sequence: type IV, I, II, III
41
Q

What is the most mature cell type?

A

Type III

42
Q

what is the nerve supply to the posterior 1/3 tongue?

A

IX

43
Q

what is the nerve supply to the anterior 2/3 tongue?

A

VII (via chorda tympani and V3)

44
Q

What is the nerve supply to the epiglottis?

A

X

45
Q

What afferents and efferents affect taste buds?

A
  •  Ad afferents, non-myelinated in taste bud 

- Also efferent effects

46
Q

where are non-lingual taste buds found?

A
  •  Found on soft palate and/or epiglottis 
  • Sparse
  •  Not on papillae but possibly on slightly elevated areas
47
Q

what are the receptor mechanisms at taste buds?

A
  • Transduction :
  • chemical stimulus ( salt, sweet, sour) to electrical energy (action potentials)
  • probably type III (and II) cells
48
Q

Describe the receptor mechanisms of salt.

A

direct entry of Na+ ion -> depolarisation

49
Q

Describe the receptor mechanism of sour.

A

– e.g. citric acid in lemons
– free H+ ions blocks K+ channels
– decreased K+ movement out of the cell  -> depolarisation

50
Q

Describe the receptor mechanism of sweet and bitter.

A

– 2nd messenger pathway

– blocks of K+ channel  depolarisation

51
Q

What is the steps of receptor mechanisms?

A
  • Depolarising receptor cell potential
  • open voltage gated Ca2+ channels
  • increaed intracellular free Ca2+
  • release of neurotransmitter
  • depolarisation of afferent nerve ending

Oral biology (29 decks)

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