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Oral biology > OB P1 - Oral mucosa > Flashcards

OB P1 - Oral mucosa Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 basic tissues of oral mucosa?

A

– epithelium (superficially) (tightly packed)

– connective tissue (underlying)

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2
Q

What is the role of oral mucosa?

A 
> Protection
– mechanical
– bacterial
– chemical
– prevent dehydration (barrier)

> Secretion
thermal regulation

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3
Q

Describe the sensation of oral mucosa?

A

richly innervated

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4
Q

Describe the oral mucosa layers from the teeth up.

A
  • Free gingiva
  • attached gingiva
  • alveolar mucosa
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5
Q

what junction is between alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva?

A

Mucogingival junction

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6
Q

What are the 3 main types of mucosa in the mouth?

A
  • Masticatory (tough , around the teeth and hard palate)
  • Lining mucosa
  • Specialised (dorsum of the tongue - receptors for taste)
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7
Q

What are the layers of non-keratinised lining mucosa?

A
  • Epithelium
  • Lamina propria
  • submucosa
  • bone or muscle
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8
Q

Where is non-keratinsed lining mucosa found?

A

Inside the lips, alveolar mucosa, floor of the mouth, soft palate , buccal mucosa

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9
Q

Describe the features of non-keratinised lining mucosa.

A
  • Undulating interface with lamina propria
  • few rate pegs
  • Lamina propria and submucosa
  • no muscularis mucosae
  • flexible
  • not subjected to high stress
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10
Q

Name the layers of the epithelium of non-keratinised lining mucosa.

A
  • Superficial layer
  • intermediate layer
  • Prickle cell layer
  • basal cell layer
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11
Q

Name the layers of the epithelium of non-keratinised lining mucosa using terms used in Berkovitz et al.

A
  • Stratum superficiale
  • Stratum intermedium
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum germinativum
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12
Q

How did the prickle cell layer get its name?

A

When you fix a tissue -shrinkage occur

-Cells shrink but they are still attached by desmosomes so have prickly appearance

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13
Q

What do all epithelial cells have?

A
  • filaments

- desmosomes

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14
Q

Describe basal cells (lining mucosa).

A
  • Least differentiated

- mitosis often visible

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15
Q

Describe prickle cells (lining mucosa).

A

Membrane coating granules (MCGs)

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16
Q

Describe the intermediate layer (lining mucosa).

A

MCGs discharge contents between cells:

  • permeability barrier
  • not wholly effective
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17
Q

What is the clinical importance of MCGs discharging its contents between cells?

A

-Drugs absorbed such a sublingual GTN sprays for angina (rich blood supply to oral mucosa so it is rapidly absorbed and pain goes away)

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18
Q

Describe the superficial layer (lining mucosa).

A
  • flattened cells
  • nuclei persist
  • not dehydrated so flexible
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19
Q

Why are superficial cells in lining mucosa alive?

A

Nutrients from the basal layer come through the spaces to the superficial layer

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20
Q

What are the layers of keratinised masticatory mucosa?

A
  • Epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • periosteum
  • bone
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21
Q

What are the 2 layers of lamina propria?

A
  • papillary layer

- reticular layer

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22
Q

Describe the features of keratinised masticatory mucosa.

A
  • many rete pegs /ct papillae
  • no submucosa
  • thick lamina propria
  • lamina propria firmly anchored to bone
  • resistant to compression
  • relatively immobile
  • mechanically tough
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23
Q

Describe the difference in the sensation of local anaesthesia between lining mucosa and masticatory mucosa.

A
  • Lining mucosa - flexible - can be pain free if done properly
  • Masticatory mucosa -tightly bound down - can hurt
24
Q

Name the layers of the epithelium of keratinised masticatory mucosa.

A
  • Keratinised layer
  • granular layer
  • prickle cell layer
  • basal cell layer
25
Q

Name the layers of the epithelium of keratinised masticatory mucosa using terms used in Berkovitz et al.

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum granulosm
  • Stratum spinosum
  • tratum germinativum
26
Q

Describe the basal cells (masticatory mucosa).

A

like non-keratinised epithelium

27
Q

Describe the prickle cells (masticatory mucosa).

A

filaments organised into bundles -tonofibrils

28
Q

Describe the keratohyaline granular in the granular layer cells (masticatory mucosa).

A

Keratohyaline granules:

  • 0.5 to 1 microns
  • associated with tonofibrils
  • filaggrin (forms matrix for filaments in keratinised layer)
29
Q

Describe the MCGs in the granular layer cells (masticatory mucosa).

A

MCGs discharge contents sealing cells together :

  • effective permeability barrier
  • cells beyond this barrier zone are de-hydrated

(-stuff from outside will not get beyond this layer i.e drugs
-also nutrients dont get to keratiniased cells (so they are dead)

30
Q

Describe the keratinised layer (masticatory mucosa)

A
  • Flattened cells - “squames”
  • no organelles
  • contain filled with keratin
  • dehydrated -not flexible
31
Q

What is para-keratinised?

A

Incomplete removal of organelles from the superficial layers :
-nuclei shrunken -pyknotic

32
Q

What is epithelial turnover?

A

From cell dividing to cell being lost (i.e basal to shed)

33
Q

What is the epithelial turnover for junctional epithelium?

A

5 days

34
Q

What is the epithelial turnover for the cheek?

A

10-14 days

35
Q

what epithelial turnover is slower?

A

masticatory mucosa

36
Q

what is the speed of healing process?

A

rapid ( no scarring in the mouth)

37
Q

Describe the epithelial abnormalitie acanthosis.

A

– Hyperplasia of the prickle cell layer

– e.g. psoriasis

38
Q

Describe the epithelial abnormalitie acantholysis.

A

– Disruption of intercellular connections

– e.g. pemphigus

39
Q

what are keratinocytes characterised by?

A

– Tonofillaments

– Desmosomes

40
Q

How many cells within the epithelium are keratinocytes ?

A

90%

41
Q

what make up the other 10% of cell in epithelium?

A

Non-kerartinocytes - “clear cells”

42
Q

What do non-keratinocytes lack?

A

tonofilaments and desmosomes

43
Q

what do non-keratinocytes include?

A

– Merkel cells
– Melanocytes
– Langerhan’s cells
– Inflammatory cells

44
Q

Why do non-keratinocytes appear clear under light microscopic appearance?

A

After fixing, the cells shrink and with no desmosome attachments they do not stay attached to neighbouring cells and look like a clear space

45
Q

What are the 2 types of clear cells in a basal layer?

A

-Merkel cells :
touch receptors

-Melanocytes :
dense melanosomes
melanin

46
Q

what is the degree of pigmentation due to?

A

Due to the activity of melanocytes , not the number (everyone has a similar number of melanocytes )

47
Q

What are the 2 types of suprabasal layer clear cells?

A
  • Langerhans cells

- Inflammatory cells

48
Q

Describe langerhans cells.

A
  • In more superficial layers
  • Dendritic
  • Process antigenic material
49
Q

Describe inflammatory cells.

A
  • transiently migrate into epithelium

- lymphocytes common

50
Q

what structures are found between the epithelium and the connective tissue papilla?

A

Rete peg

51
Q

Describe the epithelium-lamina propria interface.

A

Large surface interface area: – disperses applied forces

– metabolic interchange

52
Q

what is controversial about rate pegs?

A

Is it pegs of epithelium in connective tissue? OR
Is it pegs of connective tissue in epithelium? OR
Is it folding?

53
Q

What is in the basal lamina?

A
  • Basal cell
  • hemi-desmosomes
  • lamina lucida
  • lamina densa
  • anchoring filaments
  • collagen fibrils
  • anchoring fibrils
54
Q

what are the 2 layers of the basal lamina?

A

-Lamina lucida :
>45nm thick
>glycoprotein -laminin

-Lamina densa:
>50nm thick
>type IV collagen and laminin

55
Q

What is found in the lamina propria?

A 
-  Collagen:
> 90% type I 
>8% type III
-  Loose in papillary layer
-  More organised in the reticular layer  
- Fibroblasts
-  Defence cells
56
Q

What is the sensory innervation of connective tissue?

A

– free nerve endings
– krause end bulbs
– ruffini corpuscles

57
Q

What is the sensory innervation in epithelium?

A

– free nerve endings

– Merkel cell ‐ neurite complexes

Oral biology (29 decks)

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