OB ATI Flashcards
Probable signs of pregnancy
Changes that make the examiner suspect a woman is pregnant. Abdominal enlargement, cervical changes, Hegars sign which is softening and compressibility of the lower uterus, Chadwicks sign which is a deep purple blue color of the vaginal mucosa, Goodells sign which is softening of the cervical tip, Ballotement which is rebound of the fetus, Braxton Hicks contractions, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by examiner
Presumptive signs of pregnancy
objective or subjective signs that make a woman think she is prego
amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, urinary frequency, breast changes, Quickening-Feeling the baby move, uterine enlargement, Linea Nigra, chloasma-mask of pregnancy, striae gravidarum
Positive signs of pregnancy
Signs that are only explained by pregnancy they include fetal heart cells, visualization by an ultrasound, fetal movement felt by the examiner
McDonald’s method
Measuring the fundal height in cm between 18-30 wks
GTPAL
Gravida-number of pregnancies
Nulli-never
Primi-first
Multi 2 or more
Term 38 wks
Preterm <20 wks or 2 lbs
Living childrenTORCH
Toxoplasmosis (cat) flu like, fever
infection
rubella joint and muscle pain, rash
cytomegalovirus (member of herpes) droplet, mono like
herpes
These can cross the placenta and effect the fetal development
Ambivalence
Conflicting feelings such as having joy and sorrow at the same time
Types of birthing plans
Dick-read: Childbirth without fear. Control breathing and relaxation. Completely relax between contractions.
Lamaze: is to promote a healthy, natural, safe approach with early parenting
Leboyer: Births without violence stress is decreased. Dim room soft voices, warm room, Waterbirth
Bradley: Partners involvement as a coach. Natural breathing, relaxation, nutrition, exercise
Weight gain during pregnancy
3 to 4 pounds during the first trimester, 1 pound a week after that. A total of 25-35 pounds.
increase of 340 cal a day during the second trimester.
Increase 452 a day during the third trimester.
If breast-feeding take an additional 330 The first six months and 400 the second six months.
Folic acid
Leafy vegetables, dried peas and beans, seeds, orange juice, and other foods that are fortified such as breads, cereals, grades. 600 µg during pregnancy and 500 while lactating.
Iron foods
Take between meals and with vitamin C. Milk and caffeine interferes with the absorption. Liver, red meat, fish, poultry, dried peas and beans, fortified cereals and bread. May need a stool softener
Calcium
Milk, fortified soy milk, fortified orange juice, nuts, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables. 1000 mg per day. If under 19 take 1300 mg per day.
Foods to avoid with PKU
Protein, fish, poultry, meat, eggs, nuts, and dairy products
BPP
5 things measured.
Score 2 is normal, 0 abnormal. 8-10 normal, 6 equivocal. < 4 abnormal
Reactive fetal heart rate
fetal breathing movements at least one episode of 30 seconds in 30 minutes
gross body movements at least three extensions in 30 minutes fetal tone at least one episode of extension and flexion
amniotic fluid volume
Methotrexate
Used to supress cell division in ectopic pregnancy
Avoid alcohol and folic acid.
Avoid sun exposure.
Infections
Group b, test 35-37 wks, Trt pcn G in labor
Chlamydia, Trt zithromax ro erythromycin
Erythromycin given to babies eyes for ophthalmia neonatorum
Gonorrhea. Rocephin or zithromax
Erythromycin to baby
Candida albicans, diflucan,
Anemia
Risk factors include less than two years between pregnancies, heavy periods, Diet low in Iron.
Signs and symptoms include fatigue, irritability, headache, shortness of breath, palpitations, pica, pallor, brittle nails, decreased H and H
60 mg iron
Gestational diabetes
Glucola screening test done at 24 to 28 weeks. Greater than 140 needs further testing
3 hr test: Overnight fasting, avoid caffeine, no smoking. 100 g glucose given and retested at one, two, three hours.
Daily kick counts, diet and exercise, insulin admin,
Gestational hypertension
> 140/90 after 20 wks, or >30/15 increase from baseline. No protein or edema, returns 12 wks postpartum.
Mild preeclampsia
Gestational hypertension with 1 to 2 protein urea, weight gain more than 4.4 pounds per week in the second and third trimester, mild edema
Severe preeclampsia
> 160/100, 3 to 4 protein urea, oliguria, elevated creatinine greater than 1.2, cerebral or visual disturbances such as headache and blurred vision, hyperreflexia, ankle clonus, pulmonary or cardiac involvement, extensive Edema, liver dysfunction, epigastric and right upper quadrant pain, thrombocytopenia
Eclampsia
Severe preeclampsia with seizure activity or coma. Usually preceded by headache, severe epigastric pain, hyperreflexia, hemoconcentration.
Heart disease with pregnancy
Class-1 exhibits no symptoms with activity.
Class 2 have symptoms with ordinary exertion.
These are candidates for a normal pregnancy and delivery.
Class III display symptoms with minimal exertion and maybe bedrest during pregnancy.
Class IV is the client has symptoms at rest and is not a candidate for pregnancy.
Restrict NA and follow cardiac diet.
Inderal to lower BP and treat tachycardia
Gentamicin prophylactic abx
Ampicillin prophylactic abx
Heparin
Avoid foods high in vitamin k
Digoxin to increase CO or for fetal tachycardia
Terbutaline
Relaxes uterine smooth muscles to prevent contraction. Should be discontinued if there are signs of pulmonary edema which includes chest pain, shortness of breath, respiratory distress, wheezing in crackles, productive cough. Restrict oral and IV fluids to reduce risk of pulmonary edema. Withhold if heartrate is above 120 to 140.
