Chapter 29: Growth and development of the adoescense

Question 1

Adolesence

Answer 1

From 11 to 20 years. The transition from childhood to adulthood. They need support and guidance from parents and nurses to facilitate healthy lifestyles and reduced risk taking behaviors

Question 2

Physiological changes in the female

Answer 2

Early adolescence is 10 to 13 years: pubic hair curls and spreads, genitalia pigmentation increases, breast bud and areola continue to enlarge. First menstrual cycle around 12 years old.

Middle adolescence is 14 to 16 years: pubic hair becomes course and continues to Carl, the amount of hair increases. Ariola and papilla separate from the contour of the breast to form a secondary mound.

Late adolescence is 17 to 20 years: mature pubic hair distribution and coarseness

girls reach physical maturity before boys. African-Americans menarche earlier than whites.

Question 3

Physiological changes of males

Answer 3

Early Adolescence is 10 to 13 years: pubic hair spreads laterally and begins to curl, pigmentation increases. growth and enlargement of testes in the scrotum and lengthening of the penis. Leggy look.

Middle adolescence is 14 to 16 years: pubic hair becomes course and take on adult distribution, testes and scrotum grow, skin darkens, penis widens, glans penis develops. Possible breast enlargement. Voice changes become deeper

Late adolescence is 17 to 20 years: mature pubic hair. Breast enlargement disappears. Adult size and shape of testes, scrotum, and penis

The first sign of puberty in boys is testicular enlargement. Late puberty boys will experience their first ejaculation. It may occur while they are sleeping. Teach them that this is normal

Question 4

Growth

Answer 4

Girls Grow rapidly in height after menarche for two to 2 1/2 years. Girls between the 50th and 95th percentile are about 57 to 68 inches with a weight from 60 to 181 pounds.

boys growth spurt is later than girls begins between 10 1/2 to 16 years and ends between 13 1/2 to 17 1/2 years. Boys in the 50th to 95th percentile are about 52 to 69 1/2 inches and 77 to 211 pounds

Question 5

Organ system maturation

Answer 5

Neurological: myelin sheath enables faster processing. Respiratory: increase in diameter and length. The rate decreases and reaches the adult rate of 15 to 20 breaths per minute. There is an increase in size and strength of the heart. Systolic blood pressure increases, the heart rate decreases. Ossification of the bones occurs earlier in girls and during late adolescence in boys. Skin becomes thick and tough, it may have acne and oily hair, sweat glands mature.

Question 6

Erickson

Answer 6

Sense of identity. In a sense of self is not developed there will be role confusion. The adolescent revisits each of the previous stages. They successfully completed the former stages it will be easier to find their sense of self.

Question 7

Piaget

Answer 7

Concrete framework to abstract. It is the formal operational period. They can think outside the present. They’re thinking becomes logical organized and consistent.

Question 8

kolberg/moral and spiritual development

Answer 8

They develop their own set of values and morals. Many choices are based on emotions. They develop their own set of morals. They know that morals are based on rights, values, and principles that are agreeable to society. They may have increased spirituality and religious activities

Question 9

Gross motor skills

Answer 9

They may have decreased coordination. They develop endurance. Follow complicated instructions. Accuracy increases. Competitiveness.

Question 10

Fine motor skills

Answer 10

Use of computers increases fine motor skills. They have precise eye hand coordination and finger dexterity

Question 11

Safety

Answer 11

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death with homicide, suicide, cancer, and heart disease following.

The largest number of injuries are due to motor vehicle crashes.

Question 12

Nutrition

Answer 12

Factors influencing the diet include peer pressure, busy schedules, concerns about weight control, convenience of fast food. Teenagers have increased need for calories, zinc, calcium, iron. The calories depends on the age, activity, and growth patterns. Most active girls need 2000 cal. Active boys need 2400 to 2800 cal.

Assessment should include evaluation of foods from different food groups, the number of times that there are fast food, snacks, and junkfood eaten.

Question 13

Sleep and rest

Answer 13

Teens require 8 1/2 to 9 1/2 hours at night. They may need more rest during rapid growth.

Question 14

Teeth

Answer 14

Most permanent teeth are in with the possible exception of wisdom teeth. They may need surgical removal. Routine dental visits every six months. brush 2 to 3 times a day. If a tooth is knocked out reinserted into it socket as soon as possible or store in cool milk or normal saline for transport to the dentist

Question 15

Personal hygiene

Answer 15

Shower daily and use deodorant. Wash face 2 to 3 times per day with unscented soap. Do not scrub. Shampoo hair daily. Do not squeeze Acne lesions. Teach how to care for body piercings and tattoos, Discuss the risks with them. Cleanse tattoos with antibacterial soap and water several times a day, keep it moist with ointment. Prevent suntanning

Question 16

Developmental concerns

Answer 16

Violence, suicide, homicide, and substance abuse. Factors contributing to violence include crowded conditions, low socioeconomic status, limited parental supervision, single-parent families, access to guns and cars, drug or alcohol use, low self-esteem, racism, peer pressure, and aggression.
Homicide is the second leading cause of death between 10 and 24 years old.

Question 17

Suicide

Answer 17

The third leading cause of death between 15 to 19 years old. Risk factors include depression and mental health changes, previous, family history, poor school performance, family disorganization, substance abuse, homosexuality, giving away possessions, having no friends, changes in behavior, incarceration.

Question 18

Tobacco

Answer 18

The leading preventable cause of death. Children less than 8 try there first cigarette. Have of smokers will die from the effects of smoking. It is associated with other risky behaviors.