o 201 e3 Flashcards
1. Given two states, A and B which of the following shows change in disorder? A. ΔH = HB – HA B. ΔS = SB – SA C. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS D. ΔS = SD – SA
B. ΔS = SB – SA
2. Arrange the following from lowest to highest redox potential: 1.) Oxygen 2.) NAD+ 3.) Pyruvate 4.) Carbohydrate 5.) Oxaloacetate A. 1,2,3,4,5 B. 1,3,2,5,4 C. 4,3,5,2,1 D. 4,5,2,3,1 E. 4,3,2,5,1
C. 4,3,5,2,1
3. Which of the following enzymes or cofactors does not participate in redox reactions in living organisms? A. Oxidase B. Dehydrogenase C. Cytochrome D. Oxygenase E. Glycosidase
E. Glycosidase
- Which of the following is NOT a “nature-defined” objective of metabolism?
A. Supply the building block molecules like amino acids and monosaccharides
B. Generate ATP for the energy-dependent activities of the cell
C. Supply reducing substances such as NAD+ and FAD
D. Supply elementary precursors like carbon dioxide and water
E. Couple catabolic and anabolic reactions for maintenance of energy economy
D. Supply elementary precursors like carbon dioxide and water
5. Catabolism : Anabolism as \_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_ A. Endergonic: Exergonic B. Work: Energy C. Entropy : Enthalpy D. Exergonic: Endergonic
D. Exergonic: Endergonic
6. What is the last step of the Electron Transport Chain (no verbatim). A. ADP + Pi = ATP + H2O B. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O C. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 D. 1/2 O2 + 2 e- + 2H+ → H2O
D. 1/2 O2 + 2 e- + 2H+ → H2O
7. Which of the following pathways is amphibolic? A. Beta-oxidation B. Krebs Cycle C. Glycolysis D. Glycogenesis E. Glycogenolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
- Which of the following statements regarding ATP is true?
A. Its gamma and beta phosphate bonds yield the same amount of energy when cleaved.
B. All its phosphate bonds yield the same amount of energy when cleaved.
C. Participating groups in the phosphate bond does not affect the energy yield of the bonds.
D. Adenosine is the energy yielding group of ATP.
E. All of the above.
A. Its gamma and beta phosphate bonds yield the same amount of energy when cleaved.
- What is true based on the picture?
A. ATP is synthesized in each site
B. Protons flow from NADH to the next carrier until it reaches O
C. Protons drive synthase mechanism until ATP is produced
D. All reactions are endergonic
C. Protons drive synthase mechanism until ATP is produced
10. Which of the following enzyme complex-inhibitor pairs is incorrect? A. Complex IV – Carbon monoxide B. Complex I - Amobarbital C. Complex II - Malonate D. Complex III – Oligomycin
D. Complex III – Oligomycin
- Which of the following statements about thermogenin is incorrect?
A. Thermogenin is a carrier protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane
B. It is found in brown adipose tissue in newborn mammals
C. Uncoupler that blocks the flow of electrons
D. Uncoupling stimulates respiration with G released as heat
E. NOTA
C. Uncoupler that blocks the flow of electrons
12. The branched structure of glycogen is made by a transglucosidase which removes 6 to 8 glucosyl residues from the non-reducing end of the glycogen chain to non-terminal glucosyl units via a \_\_\_\_ linkage. A. alpha (1→4) B. alpha (1→6) C. beta (1→4) D. beta (1→6)
B. alpha (1→6)
13. What is the primary product when glycogen is degraded by glycogen phosphorylase? A. Free glucose B. Glucose-6-phosphate C. Glucose-1- phosphate D. Limit dextin
C. Glucose-1- phosphate
14. Which vitamin is necessary for glycogenolysis to proceed because it acts as a coenzyme for phosphorylase? A. Biotin B. Cobalamin C. Pantothenic acid D. Pyridoxal phosphate
D. Pyridoxal phosphate
- What is the rate determining and commited step in glycolysis?
A. Phosphorylation of glucose
B. Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate
C. Cleavage of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
D. Phosphorylation of PEP
B. Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate
16. Which of the following intermediates in glycolysis is the product of a substrate level phosphorylation, where high energy compounds synthesize ATP without going through the electron transport chain? A. Fructose-6-phosphate B. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate C. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate D. Pyruvate
D. Pyruvate
17. Which of the following enzymes is involved in catalyzing the rate-limiting step of the pentose phosphate pathway? A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B. 6-phosphate-gluconolactone hydrolase C. 6-phosphate-gluconate dehydrogenase D. Transketoaldolase
A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
- Niacin
E. Tryptophan
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
- Epinephrine
D. Tyrosine
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
- Coenzyme A
A. Cysteine
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
- Purine ring
C. Glutamate
22. Which of the following amino acids undergoes transamination for its catabolism? A. Lysine B. Proline C. Glutamate D. Threonine
C. Glutamate
23. Which amino acid transports ammonia to circulation/liver? A. Alanine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Aspartate
B. Glutamine
- Which of the following amino acids undergoes transamination for its catabolism?
A. It is facilitated by the active form of gastric and pancreatic proteases as released by the cell.
B. It is completed by enzymes which degrade tripeptides and dipeptides into amino acids.
C. Trypsin, the most specific endopeptidase, activates the other proteolytic enzymes.
D. It is initiated in the stomach by pepsin and HCl.
A. It is facilitated by the active form of gastric and pancreatic proteases as released by the cell.
25. Which of the ff. does not participate in one-carbon transfers? A. SAM B. Cysteine C. THF D. Cobalamin
A. SAM
- Which of the following is not true about the transport of amino acids across the cell membrane?
A. Specific transport proteins are used for amino acid
B. Is not the same as the transport of glucose
C. Transport of amino acid uses facilitated diffusion and active transport
B. Is not the same as the transport of glucose
27. What will be observed in a patient with defective carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1? A. Elevated urea B. Elevated ammonia C. Elevated ornithine D. Elevated citrulline
B. Elevated ammonia
28. The hydreolytic action of pancreatic lipase leads to two primary products: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and free fatty acids. A. Glycerol B. 1-monoacylglycerol C. 2-monoacylglycerol D. 3-monoacylglycerol
C. 2-monoacylglycerol
29. The hydrolytic action of pancreatic lipase leads to two primary products: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and free fatty acids. A. Glycerol B. 1-monoacylglycerol C. 2-monoacylglycerol D. 3-monoacylglycerol
C. 2-monoacylglycerol
30. Which apoprotein is acquired by nascent chylomicron from HDL when it reaches the plasma? A. Apo A-I B. Apo B-48 C. Apo C-II D. Apo D
C. Apo C-II
31. Triglycerides constitute what percent of VLDL? A. 5 B. 20 C. 50 D. 90
C. 50
- Which of the following homeostatic events in hepatocytes occurs first as effect endocytosis of high amounts of cholesterol?
A. Expression of the gene for HMG CoA is inhibited
B. Degradation of HMG CoA is accelerated
C. Activation of acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is enhanced
D. Expression of LDL receptor gene decreases
B. Degradation of HMG CoA is accelerated
33. What lipid is transferred from VLDL to HDL via Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP)? A. Cholesterol B. Cholesterol ester C. Phospholipid D. Triglyceride
B. Cholesterol ester
34. HDL is primarily a reservoir for Apo C-II and \_\_\_\_ which is important in receptor-mediated endocytosis of IDL and Chylomicron remnants. A. Apo A-II B. Apo B-100 C. Apo D D. Apo E
D. Apo E