NY BAR REVIEW ADMINISTRATIVE LAW COURSE Flashcards
separation of powers doctrine
legislature cannot delegate lawmaking power to admin agency, but they may endow admin agencies with power to fillin gaps in legislative product by prescribing rules and regulations consistent with the enabling legislation
if basic policy decision has been articulated by legislature and administrative rule or regulation is consistent with the statutory language / underlying purpose and administrative agency isnt engaging in broad based policy determinations, then
no need for a specific and detailed legislative expression authorizing a particular administrative act
SAPA
state administrative procedure act
agency rule / regulation must be enacted in substantial compliance with
procedural requirements of SAPA
Prior to adopting a rule,agency must:
- submit notice of proposed rule to sec of state for publication in state register
- afford the public an opportunity to submit written comments
3.
notice must include:
- statement of statutory authority for the rule
- complete text of proposed rule
- regulatory impact statement
- flexibility analysis
- date, time, place of public hearings
if rule exceeds certain length,
description of rule and website address where full text is posted
public hearing is NOT required if
statute doesnt specifically require it - prior to adoption of new rule
where are the rules published?
NY CODES, RULES, AND REGULATIONS
NYCRR
Executive Law, Section 102, 5
what is the NYCRR
a published compilation of the rules and regulations of all state agencies
if a statute specifies a hearing on the record, SAPA demands
mandatory adjudicatory proceeding and all procedures of article 3
agency must provide a party with
a hearing on the record before an impartial officer, having the power to administer oaths and issue subpoenas
an impartial officer has the power to
administer oaths and issue subpoenas
final determination must be in
writing and include findings of fact and reasons for decision
a party to an administrative proceeding must be afforded
due process protections of 14th amm and NYS Constitution
due process requirement means plainly
a short and plain sttmt of matters asserted, opportunity for hearing within a reasonable time, reasonable notice of the hearing, and an opportunity to present written argument on issues of law and evidence on issues of fact
specificity requirements exist in what type of proceeding?
criminal
due process required for administrative misconduct need be
reasonably specific, in light of all relevant circumstances, to apprise party whose rights are being determined of the charges against him/her and to allow for preparation of an adequate defense
BLOCK V. AMBACH NY 2D, 1989.
parties to proceedings are subject to which rules?
discovery and deposition
do the formal rules of evidence in the CPLR apply to administrative hearings?
NO
what type of rules of evidence apply to administrative hearings?
rules of privilege,
party has right to cross examine, burden of proof on party who initiates administrative proceeding, accorded the right to be accompanied/ represented and advised by counsel
res judicata and collateral estoppel are generally applicable to what?
quasi judicial administrative determinations made pursuant to adjudicatory authority of agency employing procedures substantially similar to those used in court of law
where a party is a nominal party or did not have a full and fair opportunity to litigate material issue before the agency, which doctrines do not apply?
res judicata and collateral estoppel
administrative agencies have the power in furtherance of an investigation to issue what?
subpoena to compel witness attendance or evidence production
issuing a subpoena
- make a preliminary showing that the info sought in the subpoena is reasonably related to proper subject of inquiry.
- there is some basis for inquisitorial action.
administrative hearings in course of investigatory proceeding must comply with what?
due process in CIVIL RIGHTS LAW section 73
private commercial property is prohibited from what?
being administratively inspected
4th amm
4th amm
prohibition of warrantless searches and seizures
closely regulated businesses are allowed to be inspected by?
warrantless administrative inspections
subpoena can be issued by an officer presiding at an administrative hearing based on who’s request?
any party
statutory subpoena power/grant
independently conferred
in the absence of statutory grant of subpoena power, agencies and and attys of record are afforded what?
general subpoena power CPLR 2302
request to withdraw / modify subpoena must first be made to whom?
the person who issued it
motions to quash or enforce administrative subpoenas must be made where?
in supreme court
motions to quash or enforce administrative subpoenas are NOT what?
part of the hearing process
what are the preconditions to judicial review?
- standing
- exhaustion of administrative remedies
- ripeness
- finality
standing
suffered an unfavorable administrative decision and has a stake in outcome of admin process whose injury is less direct
for standing, one MUST show
harmful effect economic or not, AND interest MUST be within the zone of interest to be protected by statute under which agency acted
exhaustion of administrative remedies
one MUST attempt to obtain whatever admin relief might be available before proceeding to courts
exception to exhaustion of administrative remedies is
- constitutional challenges
2. actions that are wholly beyond the agency’s grant of power.
ripeness is when
a party to an admin adjudication pursues all avenues of relief open within the agency without a satisfactory result
when is pre-enforcement review available?
when challenge is purely legal and further factual development wouldnt contribute to accurate resolution of controversy
judicial review can be had once
all phases of agency adjudication are complete
a proceeding against a body or officer must be commenced within ____ months after determination to review becomes final and binding upon the petitioner
FOUR 4
ARTICLE 78 of CPLR
SPECIAL judicial proceeding and procedure to challenge agency determinations
actions for declaratory judgment CPLR 3001 are
NOT subject to procedural strictures of ART 78 and are appropriate for challenging agency actions that cant be reviewed by ART 78
deference
admin agencies are entitled to such in matters of statutory interpretation of legislation governing the agency and in issuing decisions within the agency’s own special expertise
what is the standard of review for an agency’s decision
- whether it was supported by a rational basis.
- whether it was affected by an error of law
- whether it was arbitrary and capricious
- whether it was an abuse of discretion
determinations of fact after a formal adjudicatory hearing MUST be what?
made on the record as a whole and be supported by substantial evidence
substantial evidence is
relevant proof as a reasonable mind may accept as adequate to support a conclusion
substantial evidence is LESS than
a preponderance of the evidence or evidence beyond a reasonable doubt
subsequent review is conducted by which division?
appellate
subsequent review is confined to what?
the administrative record