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NUT2 Semester 1 > Nutritional Pharmacology > Flashcards

Nutritional Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 over-the-counter analgesic medications

A

Paracetamol

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

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2
Q

A diet rich in which mineral should be avoided by people taking ACE Inhibitors?

A

Potassium

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3
Q

What are the stages of pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

A Distant Memory Excreted

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4
Q

The use of which drug can lead to rhabdomyolysis — the breakdown of muscle cells?

A

Statins

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5
Q

Grapefruit juice is best known to inhibit the…

A

CYP3A4 enzyme in the intestinal wall

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6
Q

Which drug can contribute to increased urinary loss of calcium?

A

Thyroxine

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7
Q

Which drug is associated with a number of long-term side effects such as bone fractures, hypomagnesaemia (low blood magnesium), vitamin B12 deficiency and dementia?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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8
Q

Which two supplements must be avoided when taking selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors to avoid the risk of serotonin syndrome?

A

St. John’s wort

5-HTP

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9
Q

The main location of drug metabolism is:

A

The liver

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10
Q

In the liver, drugs are chemically altered by which enzyme family?

A

Cytochrome P450

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11
Q

3 conditions where NSAIDs are contraindicated in

A

Peptic ulceration

History of gastrointestinal bleeding

Hypersensitivity to aspirin

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12
Q

3 alternative approaches to corticosteroids

A

Ginger

Turmeric

Quercetin

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13
Q

Pharmacodynamics is the study of how drugs interact with the body to exert their effects. Give 3 factors affecting a drug’s mode of action…

A

Genetic mutations

Malnutrition

Advancing age

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14
Q

Malabsorption of vitamin B12 and folate is commonly associated with which of the following drugs?

A

Metformin

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15
Q

Ingestion of soy foods simultaneously with thyroid hormones can cause what?

A

Decrease thyroid hormone absorption

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16
Q

Why are leafy vegetables contraindicated in higher quantities for clients taking Warfarin?

A

They contain indoles which increase the metabolism of warfarin, and also contain vitamin K, which reduces the anti-clotting effects of warfarin.

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17
Q

Give 3 diet and lifestyle changes recommended to a client instead of them using antacids…

A

Chew food well

Stop smoking

Avoid caffeine

18
Q

Which type of drugs have the greatest absorption?

A

Absorption is greatest for lipid-soluble and small molecule drugs

19
Q

What is the mode of action of Diuretics?

A

Inhibit reabsorption of filtrate from various sections of the nephron, decreasing blood volume and pressure.

20
Q

3 examples of topical drug administration?

A

Inhalation

Patches

Ear and eye drops

21
Q

Why do NTs need to know about pharmacology?

A
22
Q

What do drugs contain?

A
23
Q

Compare the use of willow bark and asprin

A
24
Q

What is meant by ADME?

A
25
Q

Explain how the cytochrome P450 system affects drugs

A

Via Phase 1 liver metabolism of the drug

26
Q

2 factors that can affect the absorption of a drug

A
27
Q

2 factors that can affect the Distribution of a drug

A
28
Q

2 factors that can affect thre metabolism of a drug

A
29
Q

2 factors that can affect the excretion of a drug

A
30
Q

7 e.g.s of longer-term side effects with drugs that are know to cause these side effects

A
31
Q

Give 1 long-term side effect of taking
1. Diclofenac
2. NSAIDs
3. Omeprazole
4. Metformin

A
32
Q

List 4 side effects of taking PPIs

A
33
Q

If a client is on an anticoagulant, which nutrients should you avoid or use with caution?

A

Ginkgo
Green vegetables
Soy (Warfarin)
Garlic (potentially)

34
Q

Garlic
1. Interactions
2. Mechanisms
3. Theoretical interaction?

A
  1. Statins and blood pressure drugs
  2. Additive effect on statins and beta blockers
  3. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs
35
Q

Ginkgo

  1. Interactions
  2. Mechanisms
  3. Drugs to monitor and why
A
  1. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs
  2. It’s a potent anticoagulent - additive
  3. Benzos, anti-epileptic, anti-psychotic, diabetic, HIV, omeprazle - CYP enzymes induction
36
Q

Grapefruit

  1. Interactions
  2. Mechanisms
  3. Another nutrients that has a similar interaction mechanism
A
  1. CYP3A4 drugs (e.g. digoxin, statins)
  2. It inhitits the CYP 3A4 enzymes in the intestinal wall
  3. Pomegranate
37
Q

Green Veg

  1. Interactions
  2. Mechanisms
A
  1. Anticoagulants e.g. Warfarin
  2. Contains indoles that increase Warfarin metabolism and contains Vit K that increases clotting therefore making the drug less effective
38
Q

Soy

  1. Interactions
A
  1. Levothyroxine (reduces absorption)
    Tamoxifen (Isoflavones)
39
Q

Dairy/Calcium

  1. Interactions
  2. Mechanisms
  3. Recommendation?
A
  1. Antibiotics e.g. quinolones and tetracycline
    Bisphosphonates (for osteoporosis
    Levothyroxine
  2. Binds to the drugs - reduces absorption
  3. Take 4 hours apart
40
Q

What serious complication is linked to Diclofenac?

A

Cardiovascular disease

41
Q

What does NTI stand for and give 3 examples

A

Narrow Therapeutic Index drugs

  • Warfarin
  • Digoxin
  • Lithium
42
Q

3 changes to diet that can affect medication and why

A
  1. High protein diet - decreases intestinal absorption of L-dopa and affects the drug crossing the blood brain barrier
  2. High fibre diets - can reduce levels of trycyclic antidepressants (decreases intestinal absorption)
  3. Salt restriction - can increase lithium to toxic levels (Na involved in active transport of lithium)

NUT2 Semester 1 (11 decks)

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