Endocrine Health

Question 1

What is the OPTIMAL range for TSH?

Answer 1

0.4 to 2.5 mU/L

Question 2

What is the standard reference range for TSH?

Answer 2

0.27 to 4.2 mU/L

Question 3

Name two medications that affect thyroid function and what that effect is

Answer 3

Glucocorticoids
Lithium

• both decrease TSH secretion

Question 4

What is the pre-diabetic range on an HbA1c test?

Answer 4

42 to 47 mmol/mol (6.0 to 6.4%)

Question 5

Which 3 microbiota species are associated with a higher risk of T2DM?

Answer 5

Fusobacterium
Ruminococcus
Blautia

Question 6

5 causes of Hashimoto’s

Answer 6

1. Excess iodine
2. Genetic polymorphisms
3. Sleep apnoea
4. Heavy metals (increase TGO antibodies)
5. Triclosan (can act as a thyroid hormone block)

Question 7

What other condition often co-exisits with Hashimoto’s?

Answer 7

Coeliac’s Disease

Question 8

Deficiency of what during pregnancy has been linked to Type 1 Diabetes development?

Answer 8

EPA and DHA

Question 9

Low levels of T3 and normal levels of T4 but elevated levels of RT3 are associated with milkd to moderate deficiency of which mineral?

Answer 9

Zinc

Question 10

What is the function of Reverse T3 (RT3)

Answer 10

It is biologically inactive but protects tissues from excess thyroid hormones

Question 11

List 4 things that may be included in a protocol for hypothyroidism

Answer 11

1. Blood sugar balance and improve insulin sensitivity
2. Reduce goitrogenic compounds
3. Optimise omega 3:6 ratio (reduce inflammation)
4. Support SIgA levels
5. Address intestinal permeability
6. Increase exercise

Question 12

Which is the most active thyroid hormone?

Answer 12

T3

Question 13

Do people with Type 1 diabetes suffer insulin resistance?

Answer 13

Occasionally but it is not a specific feature of the disease

Question 14

3 signs or symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes:

Answer 14

Poor wound healing

Acanthosis nigricans

Polydipsia

Question 15

A 10% increment in weight was associated with what percentage increase in risk of T1D before the age of 3 years?

Answer 15

50 to 60%

Question 16

Which compound that can be used for clients with T2DM decreases gluconeogenesis and facilitates GLUT4 translocation?

Answer 16

Berberine

Question 17

1. Carnitine is recommended for support of people with which condition and why?
2. Dose?

Answer 17

1. Hyperthyroidism.

Carnitine blocks thyroid hormones (peripherally)

Can prevent muscle weakness

Can prevent a thyroid storm

2. 2000-4000 mg daily

Question 18

If your client had the following signs and symptoms; Red, swollen eyes/eyelids, excess eye watering, eyeball protrusion and a painless rash, which disease might you suspect?

Answer 18

Grave’s Disease

Question 19

Which thyroid disorder is associated with high TSH, low T4 and Low/normal T3?

Answer 19

Hypothyroidism

Question 20

Which mineral should be avoided in hyperthyroidism?

Answer 20

Iodine

Question 21

What would you address anxiety with a hyperthyroid client?

Answer 21

Magnesium - but not citrate

Theanine

Breathing techniques

Reduce caffeine and alcohol

Question 22

3 herbal medicines for hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

Bugleweed - antagonies thyroxin (reduces T4)

Motherwort (for heart health)

Lemon balm (Blocks thyroid hormone activity)