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NUT2 Semester 1 > Detoxification and Nutrigenomics > Flashcards

Detoxification and Nutrigenomics Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylation is part of phase II detoxification. Give 3 nutrients that enhance acetylation?

A

B1
B5
Vit C
Butyric acid (SCFA)

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2
Q

Arsenic is often found in:

A

Rice
Water
Smoking

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3
Q

6 genetic variants that have an action on Phase 1 detoxification?

A
  1. CYP2E1 - ethanol
  2. CYP1A2 - caffeine
  3. CYP2C9 - Warfarin
  4. CYP17A1 - pregnenolone
  5. CYP19A1 - testosterone
  6. CYP1A1 - oestrogen
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4
Q

Which gene is responsible for the removal of xenobiotics, carcinogens and products of oxidative stress?

A

GSTM1 (Glutathione) - Phase II detox)

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5
Q

Name the gene responsible for the production of a transporter which supports vitamin C absorption and distribution in the body.

A

SLC23A1

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6
Q

Name the gene that codes for the enzyme that converts beta-carotene to retinol.

A

BC01

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7
Q

Give recommendations for a client with an eNOS SNP

A

Include L-arginine

Drink beetroot juice

Increase antioxidants

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8
Q

A SNP at rs762551 impacts CYP1A2 activity. What would your advice be to a client with this SNP?

A

Avoid all caffeine intake from coffee, tea and foods such as chocolate

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9
Q

Variations on CYP1B1 are associated with what?

A

Increased production of 4OH oestrogens

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10
Q

The chemical toxin Bisphenols e.g., Bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with what?

A

Infertility and oestrogen-disruption

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11
Q

Give 3 factors you would consider when evaluating an individual’s ability to detoxify.

A

Antioxidant and nutritional status

Exposure to toxins (toxic load)

Liver function and elimination capacity, particularly via the GIT, urinary tract and skin.

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12
Q

“Differences in single bases in the sequence of a gene (a genetic variation in humans)“ describes what?

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

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13
Q

A SNP on which gene increases the risk of oestrogen dominance?

A

CYP1A1

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14
Q

Metallothionein (MT) requires adequate levels of which amino acid?

A

Cysteine

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15
Q

Dietary cofactors for methylation

A

Folate
B12
B6
B2
Choline
Betaine
Zinc

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16
Q

What binds conjugated xenobiotics, decreases stool transit time and reduces the amount of deconjugating enzymes in the stool, supporting phase III detoxification?

A

Fibre

17
Q

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) breaks down dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline and is also involved in what else?

A

Oestrogen metabolism

18
Q

What is contained in a nucleotide?

A
  1. deoxyribose
  2. phosphate group
  3. One of 4 bases:
    adenine
    cytosine
    guarnine
    thymine
19
Q

What are the building blocks of glutathione?

A

Cysteine

Glutamate

Glycine

20
Q

Definition of a Phenotype

A

How genetic and environmental influences come together to create physical appearance and behaviour.

21
Q

Which nutrient is needed to support the antioxidant enzyme ‘Glutathione peroxidase’?

A

Selenium

22
Q

CYP1A1 polymorphism specific dietary recommendations - give 5

A
23
Q

What is contained in a nucleotide?

A

A deoxyribose

A phosphate group

A base e.g. Adenine, guarnine, thymine, cytosine

24
Q

What are the building blocks of glutathione?

A

Glutamate

Glycine

Cysteine

25
Q

3 Dietary cofactors for methylation

A

Folate
Zinc
Choline

26
Q

The chemical toxin Bisphenols e.g., Bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with what health concerns

A

Infertility and oestrogen-disruption

27
Q

What factors would you consider when evaluating an individual’s ability to detoxify?

A

Liver function and elimination capacity, particularly via the GIT, urinary tract and skin.

All of the above

Exposure to toxins (toxic load)

Antioxidant and nutritional status

28
Q

Variations on CYP1B1 are associated with what?

A

Increased production of 4OH oestrogens

NUT2 Semester 1 (11 decks)

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