Detoxification and Nutrigenomics Flashcards
Acetylation is part of phase II detoxification. Give 3 nutrients that enhance acetylation?
B1
B5
Vit C
Butyric acid (SCFA)
Arsenic is often found in:
Rice
Water
Smoking
6 genetic variants that have an action on Phase 1 detoxification?
- CYP2E1 - ethanol
- CYP1A2 - caffeine
- CYP2C9 - Warfarin
- CYP17A1 - pregnenolone
- CYP19A1 - testosterone
- CYP1A1 - oestrogen
Which gene is responsible for the removal of xenobiotics, carcinogens and products of oxidative stress?
GSTM1 (Glutathione) - Phase II detox)
Name the gene responsible for the production of a transporter which supports vitamin C absorption and distribution in the body.
SLC23A1
Name the gene that codes for the enzyme that converts beta-carotene to retinol.
BC01
Give recommendations for a client with an eNOS SNP
Include L-arginine
Drink beetroot juice
Increase antioxidants
A SNP at rs762551 impacts CYP1A2 activity. What would your advice be to a client with this SNP?
Avoid all caffeine intake from coffee, tea and foods such as chocolate
Variations on CYP1B1 are associated with what?
Increased production of 4OH oestrogens
The chemical toxin Bisphenols e.g., Bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with what?
Infertility and oestrogen-disruption
Give 3 factors you would consider when evaluating an individual’s ability to detoxify.
Antioxidant and nutritional status
Exposure to toxins (toxic load)
Liver function and elimination capacity, particularly via the GIT, urinary tract and skin.
“Differences in single bases in the sequence of a gene (a genetic variation in humans)“ describes what?
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
A SNP on which gene increases the risk of oestrogen dominance?
CYP1A1
Metallothionein (MT) requires adequate levels of which amino acid?
Cysteine
Dietary cofactors for methylation
Folate
B12
B6
B2
Choline
Betaine
Zinc
What binds conjugated xenobiotics, decreases stool transit time and reduces the amount of deconjugating enzymes in the stool, supporting phase III detoxification?
Fibre
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) breaks down dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline and is also involved in what else?
Oestrogen metabolism
What is contained in a nucleotide?
- deoxyribose
- phosphate group
- One of 4 bases:
adenine
cytosine
guarnine
thymine
What are the building blocks of glutathione?
Cysteine
Glutamate
Glycine
Definition of a Phenotype
How genetic and environmental influences come together to create physical appearance and behaviour.
Which nutrient is needed to support the antioxidant enzyme ‘Glutathione peroxidase’?
Selenium
CYP1A1 polymorphism specific dietary recommendations - give 5
What is contained in a nucleotide?
A deoxyribose
A phosphate group
A base e.g. Adenine, guarnine, thymine, cytosine
What are the building blocks of glutathione?
Glutamate
Glycine
Cysteine
