Nutritional Content Of The Main Commodity Groups (Advanced Info) Flashcards
What is wheat flour fortified with?
Iron
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
Niacin
Calcium
Structure of wheat:
What nutrients are found in rice?
Carbohydrates - starch and fibre
B vitamins
Protein (low biological value)
What nutrients are found in maize?
Good source of vitamin A
What nutrients are found in oats?
Carbohydrates - starch and fibre B vitamins Calcium Iron Small amounts of folic acids Soluble fibre
What nutrients are found in vegetables?
Protein Carbohydrates Vitamin C B vitamins Vitamin A Calcium and iron Fibre
What is milk?
Milk is mainly water.
It is an emulsion and has tiny drops of fat suspended in it.
As oil and water do not mix, the fat will rise to the top of the milk
What is homogenised milk?
When the small fat globules in milk are evenly dispersed throughout
What is non homogenised milk?
When the small and large fat globules in milk rise to the top
What are the nutrients found within milk?
Water Protein - 82% is casein Fat Carbohydrates - lactose is a milk sugar Vitamins and minerals
What are the alternatives to cow’s milk?
Rice milk
Oat milk
Soya milk
Describe the nutritional value of cheese:
Cheese is a concentrated source of protein and also a good source of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin.
Hard cheeses tend to have a high fat content
What is meat?
The muscle tissue of animals
Describe the structure of meat:
The muscles are fibres bundled together and surrounded by connective tissue
What proteins is connective tissue made of?
Collagen
Elastin
What does myoglobin do?
It is a protein which gives meat its red colour, along with some of the haemoglobin which is in the muscles
What is the role of fat in meat?
The fat helps to keep the meat moist when cooked, and it adds flavour
What are the main nutrients found in meat?
Protein - high biological value Fat - amount depends on the cut Vitamins Iron - red meat is a good source of iron Water
What is the nutritional value of fish?
Protein - high biological value
Fat - oily fish are a good source of essential fatty acids
Minerals
Vitamins A and D
What are eggs made up of?
The shell (10%)
The egg white (60%)
The egg yolk (30%)
What do egg yolks contain?
Lecithin - this is an emulsifier which is useful for combining ingredients which would normally separate
Structure of an egg:
What is the name of the protein in egg white?
Albumin
What is tofu?
Tofu is made from ground soya beans. It resembles a soft cheese in texture. As it is soft, it absorbs flavours easily
What is mycoprotein?
It is produced from microorganisms. When it is made into a food product, it has egg white added to it to bind it together
What are the nutrients found in alternative protein foods?
Protein - soya beans are a high biological value protein
Vitamins and minerals
Fibre
Low in fat
What foods are made from animal fats?
Butter
Animal suet
Lard
Animal fats:
They are traditionally high in saturated fats.
Lighter varieties are created by adding water or vegetable oil
White fats:
Made from oils and can be used to replace lard.
They can be used in products such as pastry and for frying
They contain less saturated fat as they are made from oils
Margarine:
Same amount of fat as butter but with less saturated fats
Contains both animal and vegetable fats
By law it must be fortified with vitamin A and D
Spreads and low fat spreads:
Similar to margarine but are often lower in fat
Low fat spreads contain a lower fat content than any butter or margarine
The percentage of water in these products is higher.
Often fortified with vitamins A and D
What are oils?
They contain 100% fat. They mostly contain unsaturated fats from vegetable sources
What are the three main proteins in milk?
Casein, lactalbumin, lactoglobulin
What enzyme clots milk?
Rennin found in the stomach
How are the proteins in milk coagulated?
Casein is coagulated by acid
Lactoglobulin and lactalbumin are coagulated by heat
