Nutritional Content Of The Main Commodity Groups (Advanced Info)

Question 1

What is wheat flour fortified with?

Answer 1

Iron
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
Niacin
Calcium

Question 2

Structure of wheat:

Answer 2

Question 3

What nutrients are found in rice?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates - starch and fibre
B vitamins
Protein (low biological value)

Question 4

What nutrients are found in maize?

Answer 4

Good source of vitamin A

Question 5

What nutrients are found in oats?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates - starch and fibre 
B vitamins 
Calcium
Iron
Small amounts of folic acids
Soluble fibre

Question 6

What nutrients are found in vegetables?

Answer 6

Protein
Carbohydrates
Vitamin C
B vitamins
Vitamin A
Calcium and iron
Fibre

Question 7

What is milk?

Answer 7

Milk is mainly water.
It is an emulsion and has tiny drops of fat suspended in it.
As oil and water do not mix, the fat will rise to the top of the milk

Question 8

What is homogenised milk?

Answer 8

When the small fat globules in milk are evenly dispersed throughout

Question 9

What is non homogenised milk?

Answer 9

When the small and large fat globules in milk rise to the top

Question 10

What are the nutrients found within milk?

Answer 10

Water
Protein - 82% is casein
Fat
Carbohydrates - lactose is a milk sugar
Vitamins and minerals

Question 11

What are the alternatives to cow’s milk?

Answer 11

Rice milk
Oat milk
Soya milk

Question 12

Describe the nutritional value of cheese:

Answer 12

Cheese is a concentrated source of protein and also a good source of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin.
Hard cheeses tend to have a high fat content

Question 13

What is meat?

Answer 13

The muscle tissue of animals

Question 14

Describe the structure of meat:

Answer 14

The muscles are fibres bundled together and surrounded by connective tissue

Question 15

What proteins is connective tissue made of?

Answer 15

Collagen

Elastin

Question 16

What does myoglobin do?

Answer 16

It is a protein which gives meat its red colour, along with some of the haemoglobin which is in the muscles

Question 17

What is the role of fat in meat?

Answer 17

The fat helps to keep the meat moist when cooked, and it adds flavour

Question 18

What are the main nutrients found in meat?

Answer 18

Protein - high biological value
Fat - amount depends on the cut
Vitamins
Iron - red meat is a good source of iron
Water

Question 19

What is the nutritional value of fish?

Answer 19

Protein - high biological value
Fat - oily fish are a good source of essential fatty acids
Minerals
Vitamins A and D

Question 20

What are eggs made up of?

Answer 20

The shell (10%)
The egg white (60%)
The egg yolk (30%)

Question 21

What do egg yolks contain?

Answer 21

Lecithin - this is an emulsifier which is useful for combining ingredients which would normally separate

Question 22

Structure of an egg:

Answer 22

Question 23

What is the name of the protein in egg white?

Answer 23

Albumin

Question 24

What is tofu?

Answer 24

Tofu is made from ground soya beans. It resembles a soft cheese in texture. As it is soft, it absorbs flavours easily

Question 25

What is mycoprotein?

Answer 25

It is produced from microorganisms. When it is made into a food product, it has egg white added to it to bind it together

Question 26

What are the nutrients found in alternative protein foods?

Answer 26

Protein - soya beans are a high biological value protein
Vitamins and minerals
Fibre
Low in fat

Question 27

What foods are made from animal fats?

Answer 27

Butter
Animal suet
Lard

Question 28

Animal fats:

Answer 28

They are traditionally high in saturated fats.

Lighter varieties are created by adding water or vegetable oil

Question 29

White fats:

Answer 29

Made from oils and can be used to replace lard.
They can be used in products such as pastry and for frying
They contain less saturated fat as they are made from oils

Question 30

Margarine:

Answer 30

Same amount of fat as butter but with less saturated fats
Contains both animal and vegetable fats
By law it must be fortified with vitamin A and D

Question 31

Spreads and low fat spreads:

Answer 31

Similar to margarine but are often lower in fat
Low fat spreads contain a lower fat content than any butter or margarine
The percentage of water in these products is higher.
Often fortified with vitamins A and D

Question 32

What are oils?

Answer 32

They contain 100% fat. They mostly contain unsaturated fats from vegetable sources

Question 33

What are the three main proteins in milk?

Answer 33

Casein, lactalbumin, lactoglobulin

Question 34

What enzyme clots milk?

Answer 34

Rennin found in the stomach

Question 35

How are the proteins in milk coagulated?

Answer 35

Casein is coagulated by acid

Lactoglobulin and lactalbumin are coagulated by heat