Food Provenance - Food Source And Supply Flashcards
What are the main types of cereal foods?
Wheat Rice Maize Oats Barley Rye
Where is wheat grown?
Europe China India Russia USA Canada Australia
What is wheat used for?
In many baked products
Wheat containing more gluten is used for bread and pastry
Made into other products such as pasta, semolina and couscous
Used to make breakfast cereals
Where is rice grown?
China India Indonesia Bangladesh Vietnam Thailand
What is rice used for?
Long grain rice is served with savoury dishes
Short grain rice is usually used in puddings
It can be made into flour and is used in biscuits
It can also be made into breakfast cereals
Where is maize grown?
USA Brazil China Mexico Indonesia India France
What is maize used for?
Made into a variety of food products such as breakfast cereals, polenta and cornflour
Made into corn oil
Can be eaten as a vegetable
Where are oats grown?
Russia Canada Finland Poland Australia UK
What are oats used for?
They are usually rolled rather than crushed and then sold by grade - coarse, medium and fine
Can be used as an ingredient e.g. flapjack
Bought as oatmeal, jumbo oats, porridge oats etc.
Often used in breakfast cereals
Where is barley grown?
Russia France Germany UK Australia Canada
What is barley used for?
Used as an alternative to rice
Can be made into malt extract and used as a sweetener
Used in soups or stews
Often used as animal feed
Where is rye grown?
Europe
Russia
Canada
USA
What is rye used for?
Usually ground into flour and used to make a dark bread and crisp bread
Where is spelt grown?
UK
Russia
Spain
Eastern Europe
What is spelt used for?
Used in a similar way to wheat in baked products
Where does sugar come from?
Sugar beet
Sugar cane
What are the categories of fruit?
Citrus - lemons/oranges
Soft or berry fruits - strawberries
Hard fruits - apples
Other - kiwi, banana
What chemicals do vegetables rely on for colour?
Chlorophyll - for green colours
Carotenoids - yellow and orange
Anthocyanin - red and blue
What are the types of vegetables?
Leaves - cabbage Fruit - cucumber Roots - carrots Flowers - broccoli Bulbs - onions Stems - celery Tubers - potatoes Seeds/pods - peas
What are the advantages of locally produced fruit and veg?
Fresher Fewer food miles Reduced carbon footprint Less energy used in transporting Supports local farmers
What are the disadvantages of locally produced fruit and veg?
May not be as much choice
Some people do not like the food being different sizes
Is sometimes more expensive
What are some of the fruit and veg imported into the UK?
Aubergine - Canary Islands Banana - Columbia Pineapple - Costa Rica Mango - South Africa Strawberries - Spain Red pepper - Holland Tomatoes - Morocco Pak choi - Spain
How is meat classified?
Meat - beef, lamb, mutton
Game - venison, rabbit
Poultry - duck, turkey, chicken
Offal - kidney, liver, tongue
What are the different types of production for eggs?
Laying cage systems - enriched colony cages
Barn egg
Free range
Organic
What is the Red Tractor?
It is an independent mark of quality that guarantees that the food we are buying comes from farms and food companies that meet the high standards of food safety and hygiene, animal welfare and environmental protection.
What is intensive farming?
A method of farming where a large amount of produce is generated from a relatively small area of land
How does intensive farming of animals work?
In intensive farming, the animals are kept indoors so that their diet, breeding and disease control can be managed.
What are the rules for organic food?
All food sold as organic must be approved by organic certification bodies and produced according to stringent EC laws
It is produced by farmers who grow, handle and process crops without synthetic fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides or any other artificial ingredient
It will not contain any genetically engineered ingredients
Only natural fertilisers can be used
Why do people choose to buy organic foods?
They believe it tastes better
They are concerned about the use of pesticides on crops that are harmful for the body
They are concerned about the environmental impact of the use of chemicals in farming
How is fish classified?
White round fish - cod, haddock
White flat fish - plaice, halibut
Oily fish - tuna, salmon, trout, herring
Shellfish (molluscs) - oysters, scallops, mussels
Shellfish (crustaceans) - crab, lobster, prawn
What are the different methods of catching fish?
Trawling Dredging Gill netting Harpooning Jigging Long lining Pole and line fishing Purse seining Traps and pots Cyanide fishing
What is trawling?
Uses nets, which are pulled along the sea floor to catch the fish
What is dredging?
Using metal cages or baskets which are towed across the sea floor to catch shellfish
What is gill netting?
Using curtains of netting which are suspended in the sea which fish swim into
What is harpooning?
Using a long metal or wooden pole which is lunged into the fish
What is jigging?
Using a grappling hook attached to a line to target fish
What is long lining?
Using long lines that run for miles, which are strung with baited hooks to attract the fish
What is pole and line fishing?
Using a fishing pole and bait to target fish
What is purse seining?
Drawing a large net around a school of fish
What are traps and pots?
Wire or wood cages with bait to attract fish that are placed on the sea floor
What is cyanide fishing?
Using explosives the stun or kill the fish, making them easier to catch
This method is forbidden in many countries
What is the Marine Stewardship Council?
A company which sets the standards for sustainable fishing and seafood traceability
What measures are taken to reduce the environmental impact of fishing?
Sinking longer lines deeper or using different hooks to reduce bycatch
Releasing unwanted species
Using larger holes in nets so younger fish are not caught
Setting up marine reserves to allow stocks to recover
What are the three groups of fish farming?
Farming
Sea rearing
Sea ranching
What is fish farming?
This when the whole process takes place in captivity, from breeding of eggs to the catching of fish
What is sea rearing?
Young fish are caught in the wild and then grown in a controlled environment e.g. rope grown mussels
What is sea ranching?
Young fish are bred in captivity and then released into the wild.
This helps increase fish stocks
What are the advantages of fish farming?
High quantities of fish Wild fish stocks preserved The fish cannot escape Fish are protected from predators Less transport costs as they are closer to markets
What are the disadvantages of fish farming?
Costs of setting up a farm and running costs can be expensive
Chemicals may be used to control diseases e.g. antibiotics
Higher chance of disease since the fish live close to each other
The waste of the fish can pollute the surrounding environment
