Energy Balance (Advanced Info)

Question 1

Energy is needed to…

Answer 1

Keep the heart beating 
Keep all organs working correctly
Keep us warm
Allow our muscles to work
Make chemical reactions happen e.g. digesting food
Allow us to move

Question 2

What is energy balance?

Answer 2

The relationship between the energy input and the energy we use

Question 3

What is energy measured in?

Answer 3

Kilocalories(kcal)

Kilojoules (kJ)

Question 4

What is a BMI?

Answer 4

Body mass index - a measurement which compares weight to height and is used to measure obesity

Question 5

What is a BMR?

Answer 5

Basal metabolic rate - the amount of energy needed for all bodily functions at rest

Question 6

What is a PAL?

Answer 6

Physical activity level - the energy used for all types of movement

Question 7

How much energy should come from protein?

Answer 7

15%

Question 8

How much energy should come from fat?

Answer 8

35% or less

Question 9

How much energy should come from carbohydrates?

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

What is a calorie?

Answer 10

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1cm3 of water by 1oC at room temperature

Question 11

What are the main factors that influence an individuals energy requirements?

Answer 11

Gender, age, activity levels, health, pregnancy/lactating women, body weight

Question 12

How can gender affect an individual’s energy requirements?

Answer 12

Males need more energy than females. This is because men are usually larger and have more muscles

Question 13

How can age affect an individual’s energy requirements?

Answer 13

Babies and young children need more energy because they are very active

Teenagers also need more energy as they are growing and may also be active.

As people get older, the amount of energy they need reduces

Question 14

How can activity level affect an individual’s energy requirements?

Answer 14

The more active you are, the more energy you need

Question 15

How can health affect an individual’s energy requirements?

Answer 15

If you are unwell, your body may use more energy to fight off disease.

It may also reduce your appetite which means that your body will use your energy reserves from fat stored in your body.

Question 16

How can pregnancy affect an individual’s energy requirements?

Answer 16

A woman will need additional energy in the last three months of pregnancy

Question 17

How can body weight affect an individual’s energy requirements?

Answer 17

Body weight affects the resting energy requirements of an individual.
Those with a heavier body typically require more energy as more energy is needed to take care of a larger body.