Food Security (Advanced Info) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is food security?

A

When all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

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2
Q

What does food security include?

A

Availability - is there a sufficient amount of food available all the time?
Access - can the food be reached efficiently? Is the food affordable? Is it of a high quality?
Utilisation - is the food part of a balanced diet?

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3
Q

What is food availability?

A

This includes how much food is available as well as the reliability of the supply

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4
Q

What are the reasons why some countries fail to have access to a wide range of foods?

A

They do not have enough money to buy the food they need
There are no effective trading policies
There are no good transport systems to help distribute food

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5
Q

What does food utilisation mean?

A

This includes:
The way the body makes use of the different nutrients in food
That a person has sufficient nutrients, a healthy and varied diet

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6
Q

What does it mean to be malnourished?

A

It means they have a diet that is unbalanced

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7
Q

What can cause malnutrition?

A

It can be caused when there is not enough food in the diet or when too much of a particular nutrient is consumed

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8
Q

How has Fairtrade affected food producers and workers?

A

Farmers and communities have a more secure income and are less likely to live in poverty
They are helping communities to establish cooperatives
They are improving farmers’ access to training

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9
Q

What are some of the Fairtrade food products?

A
Bananas
Dried fruit
Sugar
Cocoa
Coffee
Spices
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10
Q

What are genetically modified foods?

A

Foods that have been made by modifying or engineering the genetic make up of the item.
This is undertaken by copying a gene with its code and inserting it into another living organism

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11
Q

What are the advantages of GM foods?

A

Improvements to quality and quantity of food
They can grow in adverse conditions (e.g. drought)
They can thrive better as they are herbicide and insect resistant
Higher in nutritional quality (golden rice)
Cheaper to produce

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12
Q

Why do many people not want to buy GM foods?

A

The long term safety is unknown
There are environmental concerns - leads to the introduction of monocultures
Some people view it as unethical - it disturbs the native species in a population
Often there is a lack of communication between the provider and the consumer

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13
Q

How are GM foods labelled?

A

From January 2000, if a product contains 1% of GM food, then it must be stated on the label
Under 1% does not need labelling
However if a product has been fed on GM animal feed (e.g. meat, milk and eggs), this does not need to be labelled as GM foods

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14
Q

What are the main reasons we throw food away?

A

Too much is prepared and cooked

We do not use the food in time

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15
Q

Which foods are wasted the most?

A

Fresh vegetables
Salad
Fresh fruit
Bakery items (e.g. bread, cakes)

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16
Q

What is the carbon footprint of a product?

A

It is the amount of carbon emissions produced in the growing, processing, production and disposal of food

17
Q

How can the industry achieve sustainable food production?

A

By reducing waste, water and energy inefficiency through sustainable resources

18
Q

How can you reduce your carbon footprint?

A
Buy fresh local produce
Cook fresh meals
Use seasonal UK ingredients
Reduce your consumption of meat
Use low energy methods of cooking
19
Q

What are the food miles of a product?

A

The distance food travels from field to plate

20
Q

What is carbon offsetting?

A

The process of planting trees to absorb the carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels

21
Q

What are the factors that should be considered when choosing food products?

A

Where has the food come from? Has it been produced locally?
How was it produced?
Is the food from a sustainable source?
How much energy was used in its production?
What impact has the production of the food had on the environment?