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health promotion and assessment > Nutritional assessment > Flashcards

Nutritional assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary energy source of the body? What organ can ONLY use these?

A

Carbohydrates

brain

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2
Q

Basic building blocks of cells.

A

Proteins

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3
Q

Used for energy storage, maintaining blood sugar, producing hormones and vitamins.

A

Lipids

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4
Q

What are the different primary nutrients?

A

Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, supplements, water, electrolytes

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5
Q

What are some health promotion topics related to food safety?

A

Proper cooking, refrigeration and canning practices

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6
Q

What are some tips on eating fruit for travellers?

A

If you can’t peel it, don’t eat it

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7
Q

What is the oral rehydration recipe?

A

salt and water for electrolytes for adequate hydration

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8
Q

What are some immunization health promotion topics for those considering travel?

A

Dukarol vaccine

publically funded rotavirus vaccine

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9
Q

Who is someone we can refer patients too if they have food insecurity?

A

Dietician or nutritionist

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10
Q

How do medications affect nutrition?

A

Can change the absorption of nutrients, cause nausea, diarrhea, constipation.
can also affect fluid balance.

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11
Q

What are some ways that lifestyle choices impact nutrition?

A

Choosing to eat fast food vs. vegetables

alcohol consumption, smoking

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12
Q

How does smoking affect appetite?

A

suppresses it

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13
Q

How do geographical areas impact nutrition?

A

Some areas make it more expensive or difficult to get healthy food.

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14
Q

How does education level impact nutrition?

A

People may not have the education required to understand nutrition

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15
Q

When is breast feeding best?

What do we need to supplement these infants with?

A

first 4-6 months
need to supplement with
400 international units of vitamin D per day

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16
Q

If mother’s choose not to breast feed their children, how much formula should they get?

A

150mL/kg/day

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17
Q

When should solids be introduced (roughly)? What should be introduced first? Last?

A

At around 6 months
introduce proteins first
vegetables and fruits should be introduced last

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18
Q

What is the only real food to avoid giving to children before they reach the age of 1?

A

Honey - because there can be bacteria

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19
Q

What type of milk should children aged - have? Why?

A

1-2 years
Whole milk
lots of calories to help with brain development

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20
Q

What macronutrient to adolescents need more of? Why?

A

Proteins to support rapid growth

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21
Q

What does the SCOFF questionaire investigate?

A

Adolescent’s relationship with food

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22
Q

What is the best way to bring up someone’s weight?

A

Bring up concern when discussing it, but ask them permission to discuss weight first.

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23
Q

All women of childbearing years should take _____ ______ supplement (___mg) to reduce incidence of neural tube defects.
These should be taken __-___ months before conception.

A

folic acid
0.4mg
3-6

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24
Q

How many extra calories do women need in their second trimester?
Third?

A

2nd - 350

3rd - 450

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25
Q

If there is a history of spina bifida, what dose is recommended?

A

1.5mg

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26
Q

What are some methods to help with nausea and vomitting in pregnancy?

A

eat more frequently and smaller meals
ginger
Diplectin - B vitamin and anti-histamine

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27
Q

What hormone causes vomitting and nausea in pregnancy?

A

Beta-hCG

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28
Q

What are food to avoid during pregnancy? Why?

A

Unpasteurized cheese and deli meats - Listeria

tuna - high mercury content

29
Q

What is counterintuitive if tuna is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

Fish is recommended 2-3 times/week

30
Q

What is motherisk?

A

Institution from Toronto that has the most up to date evidence on different substances and how they affect pregnancy

31
Q

How does dementia impact nutrition?

A

Can impact the feeling of being hungry or thirsty

e.g. old ladies who only have tea and bread with jam

32
Q

How should cultural considerations be integrated in the discussion of nutrition?

A

some cultures believe in food’s healing properties, some cultures require fasting or abstaining from certain foods

33
Q

What is the emphasis of Canada’s food guide?

A

Emphasis on encouraging variety and reducing the intakes of fats, sugars and sodium

34
Q

If you feel unsure of your abilities to complete a nutritional assessment, what should you do?

A

Get help from other members of the inter-professional team

35
Q

What are the different components of the nutrition screening assessment?

A

Risk assessment
focused history of common symptoms
fluid and intake patterns
Psychosocial profile

36
Q

What are the components of the physical examination for nutritional data?

A

calculated measurements

Serial laboratory values

37
Q

What are concerning weight loss percentages?

A

1-2% in a week
5% in a month
7.5% in 3 months
10% in 6 months

38
Q

What are some risk factors for nutritional issues?

A

Food allergies/intolerances
Medical history
GI symptoms
Psychological symptoms

39
Q

How can medications impact nutrition?

A

Sometimes they have to be taken with food, or can impact absorption of food

40
Q

What is the CAGE questionaire for?

A

Alcohol consumption

41
Q

What are the components of the CAGE questionaire?

A

C - has anyone told you to CUT down
A - are you ANNOYED about other’s criticism
G - Guilty about drinking
E - have you used an eye opener - i.e. alcohol to get over a hangover

42
Q

What are some tools that practitioners can use to get a better sense of normal food intake?

A

Food diaries
24 hour recall
3 day food diary

43
Q

Which fat region tends to be the most insulin resistant?

A

Extra-adipose region in the central region of the abdomen.

44
Q

Why is it good to inspect to oral cavity?

A

Issues here will affect food intake

45
Q

What is the problem with BMI?

A

doesn’t account for muscle mass or bone structure/genetics

46
Q

Weight calculations are always done with what unit?

A

Kg

47
Q

What waist sizes are issues for men and women? (i.e. predispose for issues)

A

102cm+

88cm+

48
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of malnutrition?

A 
Change in hair, skin nails
issues with wound healing
weight loss and body changes
edema
muscle wasting
LOC changes
49
Q

How are lymph nodes affected by malnutrition?

A

Become enlarged - lymphadenopathy

50
Q

What are the serum proteins measured in lab?

A

Albumin

51
Q

What is the purpose of hemoglobin and hematocrit evaluation?

A

assess for anemia

52
Q

What is dyslipidemia?

A

Abnormal amount of lipids in the blood

53
Q

What is the purpose of measuring blood creatinine levels?

A

Can indicate kidney issues

54
Q

True or false: People who take anticoagulants should be taught to increase their intake of dark green leafy foods?

A

False - dark, leafy green foods can decrease the effects of some anti-coagulants (e.g. warfarin)

55
Q

Term used to describe the balance of the input and output of fluids in the body to allow metabolic processes to function correctly

A

Fluid balance

56
Q

What percentage of the male body is water? Female?

A

60%

50%

57
Q

How much water is lost from the body due to insensible loss?

A

500mL/day

1500-2800 on slide, but probs wrong

58
Q

What are insensible loses?

A

Perspiration, exhalation, talking, evaporation

59
Q

Need a minimum of _______ per day to cover for metabolic waste, not accounting for other external factors such as temperature, exercise, altitude and humidity

A

1500 mL

60
Q

How does fever impact water loss?

A

increased metabolic demand and thus water loss

61
Q

How do burns increase water loss?

A

skin no longer impermeable

62
Q

How can fistulas cause water loss?

A

Connection between parts of body an open and cause water loss

63
Q

What are some diseases affecting water retention?

A

DM - increased frequency of peeing

IADH - inappropriate ADH secretion

64
Q

What are the first organs affected by dehydration?

A

Kidneys

65
Q

Dehydratoin can ultimately lead to what?

A

Hypovolemic shock, organ failure

66
Q

How does fluid overload affect the body?

A

Causes dyspnea due to fluid in lungs
pitting edema
Fatigue since heart and lungs get overwhelmed

67
Q

What counts for liquid intake?

A

Anything fluid at room temperature

anything given by IV as well

68
Q

What are some examples of output for fluid?

A

urine, emesis, watery diarrhea, wound drainage
discharge from tube or wounds
menstruation apparently too

health promotion and assessment (13 decks)

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