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Health Promotion and Assessment > GU Assessment > Flashcards

GU Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Producing urine and the process of peeing.

A

Micturition

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2
Q

Decreased ability to form urine

A

Oligouria

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3
Q

What is the range for oligouria?

A

<400-500mL/24 hour

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4
Q

Inability to form urine

A

Anuria

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5
Q

What is the range for anuria?

A

0-100mL/24 hour

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6
Q

Pain on urination

A

dysuria

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7
Q

excretion of abnormally large quantities of urine

A

Polyuria

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8
Q

Excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

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9
Q

Increased urine formation and secretion

A

diuresis

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10
Q

Excessive urination at night

A

nocturia

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11
Q

Blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

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12
Q

May not be peeing out more quantities, but going more often.

A

Diuresis

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13
Q

We see dysuria mostly with what conditions?

A

UTIs and STIs

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14
Q

How much urine should a healthy individual produce every hour?

A

0.5mL/kr/hr

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15
Q

What are some factors that influence micturition (5)?

A
  1. Disease or disability
  2. Fluid balance
  3. Medication
  4. Pelvic floor muscle tone
  5. Psychological factors
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16
Q

Generally defined as a change in volume or quality of urine produced.
generally expressed in relation to where the dysfunction arises.

A

Disease or disability

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17
Q

What is the best example of continence/retention concerns in males?

A

BPH

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18
Q

What sorts of physical signs or symptoms would one see with issues in fluid balance?

A 
Pitting edema
Decreased skin turgor (tenting - after pinching, stays up)
urine colour, odour
LOC affected in extreme cases
CHF - difficulty breathing
electrolyte imbalances
Dry and cracked mucous membranes
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19
Q

What are some physical signs and symptoms of dehydration in babies?

A

stop producing tears but still cry

sunken fontanels

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20
Q

What is a sign of fluid overload in babies?

A

Fontanels will be heightened

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21
Q

How can medications and drugs affect fluid retention?

A 
Diuretics will increase output
Other meds (e.g. flowmax) may increase retention
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22
Q

Are the pelvic floor muscles under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Both

23
Q

Provides structural support to pelvic organs and prevents urine loss at bladder neck

A

PFM

24
Q

What predisposes a person to PFM issues?

A

Pregnancy and child birth - puts pressure on ligaments and stretches them out

25
Q

What are some things that people can do to increase pelvic floor muscle tone?

A

Kegal exercises

  • contract to stop urinating
  • contract to stop gas from coming out
26
Q

What are some psychological factors that can play a role in urination?

A

Embarassment (can’t go at work, need to use bedpan, etc.)
Pain
Motivational issues

27
Q

How does being an infant or young child affect micturition?

A

Continence develops over time - need to have ability to sense the urge to go, recognize and control the PFM and have time to go to the washroom

28
Q

How does pregnancy affect micturition?

A

Hormones can raise the amount of urine and increased intra-adbominal pressure will push on the bladder and give the urge to go more often

29
Q

What are some reasons for increased incidence of nocturia in the geriatric population?

A

Overall atrophied bladder, enlarged prostate

30
Q

The increased frequency of urination in the elderly is related to what?

A

decreased muscle tone and bladder capacity

31
Q

The increased residual urine in the older population is related to what?

A

reduced effectiveness of muscle control voiding

32
Q

Why are some elderly individuals more at risk for UTIs?

A

residual urine can lead to possible infection

33
Q

In some instances of UTIs, what is a common presentation, without other signs?

A

Delirium

34
Q

What are some tests to assess issues with residual urine?

A

Bedside bladder scan using ultrasound (>10% is considered abnormal)

35
Q

What are the major issues related to micturition for older men?
Older women?

A

Prostate enlargement

PFMs for women

36
Q

What are some of the questions we should ask related to normal urinary patterns?

A

Frequency, time of day, volume, colour, odour

37
Q

Back pain and issues with urination are a sign of what?

A

Kidney issues (pyelonephritis)

38
Q

Vitamin __ makes your urine yellow.

A

B

39
Q

What are the different parts of the history we do for urinary issues?

A

Review client’s normal pattern and assess changes
Conduct an associated symptom review
Identify contributing factors
Functional impact

40
Q

For inspection related to the urinary system, what are we looking for?

A

Skin and mucous membranes for fluid balance
Perineum - skin breakdown or atrophy
Curvature of lower abdomen (distension of bladder may affect this)

41
Q

What type of atrophy do we look for in females related to fluid balance issues?
What are they more at risk for?

A

Vaginal atrophy - after menopause, lack of estrogen - dries out vaginal mucosa which can increase risk for UTIs

42
Q

Who would you be more concerned for if they had a UTI, man or woman?

A

man

43
Q

the urinary system is normally a _______ environment.

A

sterile

44
Q

Tea coloured urine is an indication of what?

A

Glomeruloneprhitis

45
Q

What is a urine dip?

A

Lab test - take litmus like paper and assess for presence of proteins, glucose, etc.

46
Q

When would you do a culture and sensivity for urine?

A

UTI

47
Q

When would you do a cytology for urine?

A

Looking for cancer cells

48
Q

What is the difference between collecting urine for and STI vs. C&S?

A

C&S has to be sterile

49
Q

It is best to collect urine when for specific disease processes?

A

Morning

50
Q

Should the bladder be palpable?

A

Should be non palpable if not distended

51
Q

if the bladder is distended, where will it reach to?

A

Above pubic symphisis and may extend to below umbilicus

52
Q

If the bladder is distended and palpation is done, what will the patient feel?

A

increased urgency, tenderness or even pain

53
Q

What can be done to assess volume post-void?

A

Bladder scan

Health Promotion and Assessment (13 decks)

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