Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation Flashcards

1
Q

Why are maternal nutritional demands increased?

A
Development of placenta
Enlargement of the uterus
Formation of amniotic fluid
Increase in blood volume
Preparation of breasts for lactation
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2
Q

What is the daily caloric increase recommended during the second trimester of pregnancy?

A

340 calories

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3
Q

What is the daily caloric increase recommended during the third trimester of pregnancy?

A

452 calories

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4
Q

Achieving an appropriate amount of weight gain during pregnancy does what?

A

Prepares woman for energy demands of labor and lactation

Contributes to delivery of a newborn of normal birth weight

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5
Q

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy depends on what?

A

BMI

weight prior to pregnancy

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6
Q

Recommended weight gain during first trimester of pregnancy?

A

2-4 lb

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7
Q

Recommended weight gain during trimesters 2 and 3 for a normal weight client?

A

1 lb/week for a total of 25 to 35 lb

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8
Q

Recommended weight gain during trimesters 2 and 3 for underweight client?

A

just more than 1 lb/week for a total of 28 to 40 lb

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9
Q

Recommended weight gain during trimesters 2 and 3 for overweight clients?

A

0.66 lb/week for a total of 15 to 25 lb

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10
Q

If a client is breastfeeding during the postpartum period, an additional daily intake of how many calories is recommended for the first 6 months?

A

330 calories

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11
Q

If a client is breastfeeding during the postpartum period, an additional daily intake of how many calories is recommended for the second 6 months?

A

400 calories

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12
Q

How much protein should comprise of the daily total calorie intake?

A

20% of daily total calorie intake; of 1.1 g/kg/day

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13
Q

Essential for rapid tissue growth of maternal and fetal structures, amniotic fluid, and extra blood volume

A

Protein

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14
Q

What should fat be limited to?

A

30% of total daily calorie intake

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15
Q

How much of the daily calorie intake should be carbohydrates?

A

50%

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16
Q

Essential for blood formation, absorption of iron, and development of fetal tissue

A

Vitamins

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17
Q

what is the RDA for protein during pregnancy and lactation?

A

71 g

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18
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin A during pregnancy?

A

770 mcg

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19
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin A during lactation?

A

1,300 mcg

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20
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin C during pregnancy?

A

85 mg

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21
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin C during lactation?

22
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation?

23
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin E during pregnancy?

24
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin E during lactation?

25
What is the RDA for vitamin K during pregnancy and lactation?
90 mcg
26
What is the RDA for thiamin during pregnancy and lactation?
1.4 mg
27
What is the RDA for vitamin B6 during pregnancy?
1.9 mg
28
What is the RDA for vitamin B6 during lactation?
2.0 mg
29
What is the RDA for folate during pregnancy?
600 mcg
30
What is the RDA for folate during lactation?
500 mcg
31
What is the RDA for vitamin B12 during pregnancy?
2.6 mcg
32
What is the RDA for vitamin B12 during lactation?
2.8 mcg
33
What is the RDA for calcium during pregnancy and lactation?
1,000 mg
34
What is the RDA for iron during pregnancy?
27 mg
35
What is the RDA for iron during lactation?
9 mg
36
What is the daily dietary recommendation for fluid?
2,000 to 3,000 mL
37
Crosses the placenta and can affect the movement and HR of the fetus
Caffeine
38
How much caffeine is considered moderate use and appears not harmful to the fetus?
less than 300 mg/day
39
How much folic acid is recommended per day during pregnancy?
600 mcg per day
40
How much folic acid should a lactating woman get per day?
500 mcg per day
41
Necessary for neurological development of the fetus and to prevent birth defects; essential for maternal RBC formation
Folic acid
42
Food sources for folic acid
Green leafy vegetables Enriched grains Orange juice
43
Food sources of iron
Dairy products | Meats (esp red meats)
44
Consuming foods high in __________ aid in absorption of iron
Vitamin C
45
__________ and ________ are common during pregnancy
Nausea and constipation
46
Teaching for nausea in pregnancy
Eat dry crackers or toast Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fats, and spices Avoid drinking fluids with meals Do not take meds to control nausea without checking with the provider
47
Teaching for constipation during pregnancy
Increase fluid consumption include extra fiber in diet Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contain fiber
48
Maternal genetic disease in which high levels of phenylalanine poses danger to the fetus
Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU)
49
When should a client resume the PKU diet?
At least 3 months prior to pregnancy and continue it thru pregnancy
50
What foods should a client on a PKU diet avoid?
Foods high in protein - fish, poultry, meat, eggs, nuts, dairy products
51
Interventions for PKU will prevent what?
Mental retardation | Behavioral problems