Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation Flashcards
Why are maternal nutritional demands increased?
Development of placenta Enlargement of the uterus Formation of amniotic fluid Increase in blood volume Preparation of breasts for lactation
What is the daily caloric increase recommended during the second trimester of pregnancy?
340 calories
What is the daily caloric increase recommended during the third trimester of pregnancy?
452 calories
Achieving an appropriate amount of weight gain during pregnancy does what?
Prepares woman for energy demands of labor and lactation
Contributes to delivery of a newborn of normal birth weight
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy depends on what?
BMI
weight prior to pregnancy
Recommended weight gain during first trimester of pregnancy?
2-4 lb
Recommended weight gain during trimesters 2 and 3 for a normal weight client?
1 lb/week for a total of 25 to 35 lb
Recommended weight gain during trimesters 2 and 3 for underweight client?
just more than 1 lb/week for a total of 28 to 40 lb
Recommended weight gain during trimesters 2 and 3 for overweight clients?
0.66 lb/week for a total of 15 to 25 lb
If a client is breastfeeding during the postpartum period, an additional daily intake of how many calories is recommended for the first 6 months?
330 calories
If a client is breastfeeding during the postpartum period, an additional daily intake of how many calories is recommended for the second 6 months?
400 calories
How much protein should comprise of the daily total calorie intake?
20% of daily total calorie intake; of 1.1 g/kg/day
Essential for rapid tissue growth of maternal and fetal structures, amniotic fluid, and extra blood volume
Protein
What should fat be limited to?
30% of total daily calorie intake
How much of the daily calorie intake should be carbohydrates?
50%
Essential for blood formation, absorption of iron, and development of fetal tissue
Vitamins
what is the RDA for protein during pregnancy and lactation?
71 g
What is the RDA for vitamin A during pregnancy?
770 mcg
What is the RDA for vitamin A during lactation?
1,300 mcg
What is the RDA for vitamin C during pregnancy?
85 mg
What is the RDA for vitamin C during lactation?
120 mg
What is the RDA for vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation?
5 mcg
What is the RDA for vitamin E during pregnancy?
15 mcg
What is the RDA for vitamin E during lactation?
19 mcg
What is the RDA for vitamin K during pregnancy and lactation?
90 mcg
What is the RDA for thiamin during pregnancy and lactation?
1.4 mg
What is the RDA for vitamin B6 during pregnancy?
1.9 mg
What is the RDA for vitamin B6 during lactation?
2.0 mg
What is the RDA for folate during pregnancy?
600 mcg
What is the RDA for folate during lactation?
500 mcg
What is the RDA for vitamin B12 during pregnancy?
2.6 mcg
What is the RDA for vitamin B12 during lactation?
2.8 mcg
What is the RDA for calcium during pregnancy and lactation?
1,000 mg
What is the RDA for iron during pregnancy?
27 mg
What is the RDA for iron during lactation?
9 mg
What is the daily dietary recommendation for fluid?
2,000 to 3,000 mL
Crosses the placenta and can affect the movement and HR of the fetus
Caffeine
How much caffeine is considered moderate use and appears not harmful to the fetus?
less than 300 mg/day
How much folic acid is recommended per day during pregnancy?
600 mcg per day
How much folic acid should a lactating woman get per day?
500 mcg per day
Necessary for neurological development of the fetus and to prevent birth defects; essential for maternal RBC formation
Folic acid
Food sources for folic acid
Green leafy vegetables
Enriched grains
Orange juice
Food sources of iron
Dairy products
Meats (esp red meats)
Consuming foods high in __________ aid in absorption of iron
Vitamin C
__________ and ________ are common during pregnancy
Nausea and constipation
Teaching for nausea in pregnancy
Eat dry crackers or toast
Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fats, and spices
Avoid drinking fluids with meals
Do not take meds to control nausea without checking with the provider
Teaching for constipation during pregnancy
Increase fluid consumption
include extra fiber in diet
Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contain fiber
Maternal genetic disease in which high levels of phenylalanine poses danger to the fetus
Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU)
When should a client resume the PKU diet?
At least 3 months prior to pregnancy and continue it thru pregnancy
What foods should a client on a PKU diet avoid?
Foods high in protein - fish, poultry, meat, eggs, nuts, dairy products
Interventions for PKU will prevent what?
Mental retardation
Behavioral problems
