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Nutrition ATI > Nutrition during infancy > Flashcards

Nutrition during infancy Flashcards

1
Q

Birth weight doubles by

A

4 to 6 months

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2
Q

Birth weight triples by

A

1 year

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3
Q

Appropriate weight gain averages ___________ per week during the first 5-6 months

A

150 - 210 g (5 - 7 oz)

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4
Q

An infant grows approximately _______ per month in height for the first 6 months

A

2.5 cm (1 in)

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5
Q

An infant grows approximately ________ per month the last 6 months

A

1.25 cm (0.5 in)

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6
Q

Head circumference increases ________ per month during the first 6 months

A

1.5 cm (0.6 in)

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7
Q

Head circumference increases ________ per month for months 6 thru 12

A

0.5 cm

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8
Q

Head circumference should have increased by _________ by 1 year, and is indicative of growth of the ________ __________

A

33%

Nervous system

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9
Q

Semi-solid foods should not be introduced before how many months of age?

A

4 months

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10
Q

Introduction of semi-solid foods should coincide with:

A

Development of head control
Ability to sit
Back-and-forth motion of the tongue

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11
Q

First solid food introduced?

A

Iron-fortified infant cereal

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12
Q

Why shouldn’t cow’s milk be introduced after 1 year of age?

A

Protein and mineral content stress the immature kidney

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13
Q

Advantages of breastfeeding:

A

Incidence of ear infections, GI and resp disorders are reduced
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are predigested for ready absorption
High in omega-3 fatty acids, low in sodium
Iron, zinc, and magnesium are highly absorbable
Calcium to phosphorus ratio is 2:1 so calcium absorption is enhanced
Risk of allergies is reduced
Bonding is promoted

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14
Q

How many feedings should there be in a 24 hr period?

A

8 - 12

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15
Q

How long should the newborn nurse per breast?

A

15 - 20 min

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16
Q

Should you educate clients regarding the expected duration of feedings?

A

No

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17
Q

What should you teach clients regarding how to evaluate if a newborn has completed feeding?

A

Slowing of newborn suckling
Softened breast
Sleeping

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18
Q

Expressed milk may be refrigerated in sterile bottles for how long?

A

3 - 5 days

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19
Q

Expressed milk may be frozen in sterile containers for how long?

A

6 months

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20
Q

How should you thaw milk?

A

In the refrigerator

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21
Q

How long can thawed milk be stored after thawing?

A

24 hours

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22
Q

Can you refreeze thawed milk?

A

No

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23
Q

What should you do with unused breast milk?

A

Discard it

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24
Q

What should a breastfeeding mother avoid consuming?

A

Fish
Alcohol
Limit caffeine

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25
Q

Iron-fortified formula is recommended for how long?

A

At least the first 6 months of life or until infant consumes adequate solid food

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26
Q

What may be required if an adequate level is not supplied by the water supply?

A

Fluoride

27
Q

Bottles of mixed formula or open cans of liquid formula require

A

refrigeration

28
Q

Do not use formula if it has been left at room temp for ________ or longer

A

2 hr or longer

29
Q

The infant should not drink more than ________ of formula per 24 hr period

A

32 oz

30
Q

Developmentally, when is an infant ready to be weaned to a cup?

A

5 to 8 months

31
Q

It is best to substitute a cup for one feeding period at a time over a _________ day period

A

5-7 day period

32
Q

The infant may not be ready to wean from bottle or breast until _____ months

A

12 - 14 months

33
Q

Solid foods should not be introduced before 4-6 months due to:

A

risk of food allergies

Stress on immature kidneys

34
Q

Indicators for readiness to eat solid foods:

A

Voluntary control of head and trunk
Hunger less than 4 hr after vigorous nursing or intake of 8 oz of formula
Interest in food

35
Q

When can wheat cereals be introduced?

A

After first year

36
Q

New foods should be introduced over a ____ to _____ day period to observe for signs of allergy or intolerance

A

5 - 7 day

37
Q

Signs of allergy or intolerance to food:

A 
Fussiness
Rash
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
38
Q

Vegetables or fruits are first started when?

A

6 - 8 months

39
Q

After both veggies and fruits have been introduced, what can be added to diet?

A

Meats

40
Q

Delay the introduction of what because they may lead to allergic reactions?

A

Milk
Eggs
Wheat
Citrus fruits

41
Q

The infant may be ready for 3 meals a day with 3 snacks by?

A

8 months

42
Q

Open jars of infant food may be stored in fridge for

A

up to 24 hr

43
Q

By how many months an infant should be able to eat table foods that are cooked, chopped, and unseasoned?

A

9 months

44
Q

Why should you not give an infant honey?

A

Risk for botulism

45
Q

Appropriate finger foods include:

A 
Ripe bananas
Toast strips
Graham crackers
Cheese cubes
Noodles
Peeled chunks of apples, pears, or peaches
46
Q

Characterized by persistent crying lasting 3 hr or longer per day; usually occurs in the late afternoon, more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks. Crying is accompanied by tense abd and legs drawn up to belly

A

Colic

47
Q

Colic usually resolves by when

A

3 months

48
Q

Breastfeeding mothers can eliminate what foods to help with colic:

A

Cruciferous veggies (cauliflower, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts)
Cow’s milk
Onion
Chocolate

49
Q

Measures that can help colic

A 
Burping in the infant in an upright position
Giving warm water
Swaddling
Carrying the infant
Rocking
Repetitive soft sound
50
Q

Inability to digest significant amounts of lactose, the predominant sugar of milk, and is due to inadequate lactase, the enzyme that digests lactose into glucose and galactose

A

Lactose intolerance

51
Q

Increased prevalence of lactose intolerance occurs in:

A 
Asians
Native Americans
Africans
Latinos
Mediterranean descent
52
Q

S/sx of lactose intolerance

A

abd distention
Flatus
Occasional diarrhea

53
Q

What kind of formulas can be prescribed as alternative formulas for infants who are lactose intolerant?

A 
Soy-based (ProSobee or Isomil)
Casein hydrolysate (Nutramigen or Pregestimil)
54
Q

Inadequate gains in weight and height in comparison to established growth and development norms

A

Failure to thrive

55
Q

What can cause failure to thrive?

A 
Congenital defects
CNS disorders
Partial intestinal obstruction
Swallowing or sucking problems
Psychosocial problems
56
Q

Characterized by passage of more than 3 loose, water stools over a 24 hr period

A

Diarrhea

57
Q

Common causes of osmotic diarrhea

A

Overfeeding

Food intolerances

58
Q

Infectious diarrhea is commonly caused by

A

Rotavirus

59
Q

Moderate diarrhea should be treated with

A

Oral rehydration solutions - Pedialyte, Infalyte, ReVital

60
Q

For moderate diarrhea, after each loose stool, how much oral rehydration solution should be given?

A

8 oz

61
Q

S/sx of dehydration:

A 
Listlessness
Sunken eyes
Decreased tears
Dry mucous membranes
Decreased urine output
62
Q

Inability or difficulty to evacuate the bowels

A

Constipation

63
Q

Constipation may be caused by

A

Formula that is too concentrated

Inadequate carbohydrate intake

Nutrition ATI (25 decks)

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