Nutrition in Animals Flashcards
Give a complex carbohydrate
Starch
Give a simple carbohydrate
Glucose
What does Benedict’s solution test for
Sugar/Glucose
Goes red
What elements are fats made out of
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What molecules make up proteins
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Give the 7 food groups
Carbohydrates Proteins Vitamens Water Fibre Minerals Fats
What does water do to the body
Makes plasma in the blood
All chemical reactions
Regulates the temperature
Give two minerals and why there function is
Calcium - Strong bones + teeth
Iron - Forms haemoglobin
What is vitamin A used for
Eye sight
What is vitamin C used for
Skin/gums
What is vitamin D used for
Bone health
Give 3 factors that will affect how much your daily intake needs to be
Activity - The more you do, the more you burn, the more you need to take in
Age - When younger more food is is needed to grow and build muscles.
Pregnancy - Need more calories to support another life.
What does reliability mean
Results match each other
Repeat
Accuracy
Close to the true value
Validity
Able to answer your investigative questions
How do you work out the energy in food
Mass of water x temperature change of water x 4.2
How do you work out energy per gram
Energy in food
What does Amylase do
Breaks down starch to maltose
What does Maltase do
Breaks down Maltose to Glucose
What does Protease do
Breaks down protein into amino acids
What does Lipase do
Breaks down lipids into glycerol + fatty acids
Describe Peristalsis
As the food bolus moves down the alimentary canal, the circular muscle contracts behind it, whilst the longitudinal muscle contracts in front of it. This allows a wider passage for the bolus to move through.
In the alimentary canal, is the circular muscle on the inside or outside of the longitudinal muscle.
Circular muscle = Inside
Longitudinal muscle = Outside
Where is bile stored
Gallbladder
What does bile do
Neutralises the food from the stomach to prevent enzymes from denaturing.
Also, fat has a tendency to form large blobs, it does not mix with water. Bile breaks up these into smaller droplets, so that there is a bigger surface area for lipase to break it down.
What 3 things affects the rate of diffusion
Temperature - our bodies are maintained at 37˚C, higher temperature increases kinetic energy
Concentration gradient
Surface area
Where are villi found
In the small intestine, help increase the rate of diffusion
What 4 adaptions do the villi have to increase the rate of absorption of digested food molecules
Moist walls to aid diffusion
Rich blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
Hundreds of Villi = large surface area to volume ratio
Finger like projections to increase surface area
Lacteal to transport fats
What can we use to model the winning of the small intestine
Visking tubing
What is the role of having HCL in the stomach
Kills bacteria
Breaks down proteins
How is food over along the small intestine
The longitudinal muscles within the small intestine contract and change shape so that food may be passed along
What happens to starch in the digestive system
In the mouth, amylase breaks it down into maltose. In the stomach, HCL denatures the amylase. The starch remains in the stomach, until after churning, ii is turned into liquified food. This increases its surface area, increasing the efficiency of the enzymes. It then goes to the small intestine, where maltase breaks it down into glucose. It is then absorbed into the blood stream.
