Nutrition in Animals

Question 1

Give a complex carbohydrate

Answer 1

Starch

Question 2

Give a simple carbohydrate

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

What does Benedict’s solution test for

Answer 3

Sugar/Glucose

Goes red

Question 4

What elements are fats made out of

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 5

What molecules make up proteins

Answer 5

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 6

Give the 7 food groups

Answer 6

Carbohydrates
Proteins 
Vitamens
Water
Fibre
Minerals
Fats

Question 7

What does water do to the body

Answer 7

Makes plasma in the blood
All chemical reactions
Regulates the temperature

Question 8

Give two minerals and why there function is

Answer 8

Calcium - Strong bones + teeth

Iron - Forms haemoglobin

Question 9

What is vitamin A used for

Answer 9

Eye sight

Question 10

What is vitamin C used for

Answer 10

Skin/gums

Question 11

What is vitamin D used for

Answer 11

Bone health

Question 12

Give 3 factors that will affect how much your daily intake needs to be

Answer 12

Activity - The more you do, the more you burn, the more you need to take in
Age - When younger more food is is needed to grow and build muscles.
Pregnancy - Need more calories to support another life.

Question 13

What does reliability mean

Answer 13

Results match each other

Repeat

Question 14

Accuracy

Answer 14

Close to the true value

Question 15

Validity

Answer 15

Able to answer your investigative questions

Question 16

How do you work out the energy in food

Answer 16

Mass of water x temperature change of water x 4.2

Question 17

How do you work out energy per gram

Answer 17

Energy in food

Question 18

What does Amylase do

Answer 18

Breaks down starch to maltose

Question 19

What does Maltase do

Answer 19

Breaks down Maltose to Glucose

Question 20

What does Protease do

Answer 20

Breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 21

What does Lipase do

Answer 21

Breaks down lipids into glycerol + fatty acids

Question 22

Describe Peristalsis

Answer 22

As the food bolus moves down the alimentary canal, the circular muscle contracts behind it, whilst the longitudinal muscle contracts in front of it. This allows a wider passage for the bolus to move through.

Question 23

In the alimentary canal, is the circular muscle on the inside or outside of the longitudinal muscle.

Answer 23

Circular muscle = Inside

Longitudinal muscle = Outside

Question 24

Where is bile stored

Answer 24

Gallbladder

Question 25

What does bile do

Answer 25

Neutralises the food from the stomach to prevent enzymes from denaturing.
Also, fat has a tendency to form large blobs, it does not mix with water. Bile breaks up these into smaller droplets, so that there is a bigger surface area for lipase to break it down.

Question 26

What 3 things affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 26

Temperature - our bodies are maintained at 37˚C, higher temperature increases kinetic energy
Concentration gradient
Surface area

Question 27

Where are villi found

Answer 27

In the small intestine, help increase the rate of diffusion

Question 28

What 4 adaptions do the villi have to increase the rate of absorption of digested food molecules

Answer 28

Moist walls to aid diffusion
Rich blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
Hundreds of Villi = large surface area to volume ratio
Finger like projections to increase surface area
Lacteal to transport fats

Question 29

What can we use to model the winning of the small intestine

Answer 29

Visking tubing

Question 30

What is the role of having HCL in the stomach

Answer 30

Kills bacteria

Breaks down proteins

Question 31

How is food over along the small intestine

Answer 31

The longitudinal muscles within the small intestine contract and change shape so that food may be passed along

Question 32

What happens to starch in the digestive system

Answer 32

In the mouth, amylase breaks it down into maltose. In the stomach, HCL denatures the amylase. The starch remains in the stomach, until after churning, ii is turned into liquified food. This increases its surface area, increasing the efficiency of the enzymes. It then goes to the small intestine, where maltase breaks it down into glucose. It is then absorbed into the blood stream.