Exchange and Transport in Animals Flashcards
Definition of Arteries
Transport blood away from the heart and to organs
Definition of Capillaries
Tiny vessels, with walls only one cell thick. provide the site of diffusion. e.g. oxogen and carbon dioxide
What is plasma
The straw coloured liquid which transports carbon dioxide and glucose around the body
What are red blood cells
They are cells which transport oxogen around the body. They contain lots of haemoglobin and have a large surface are for rapid absorption.
What are phagocytes
The white blood cells which engulf bacteria and digest them by using strong enzymes.
What are Lymphocytes
The white blood cells which release antibodies or antitoxins which help destroy pathogens.
What is respiration
The chemical reaction which produces energy in the form of ATP from glucose and sometimes oxygen
Definition of the circulatory system
The circulatory system transports nutrients, hormones oxygen and other gasses from the cells
Why do unicellular organisms not need a transport system.
Because it is unicellular, it will have a large surface to volume ratio. This means that it can absorb as much oxygen as possible due to it’s large surface area
Definition of breathing
The moment of the ribs, rib muscles and diaphragm to allow air into and out of the lungs
What is inhalation
Breathing in
what is ventilation
The flow of air into and out of your lungs
What is the role of collated epithet cells and goblet cells
The goblet cells produce and secrete mucus which traps any dust, dirt, bacteria. This is then trapped in the ciliated cells which have hairs that “waft” to one mucus back up trachea and out of thee lungs.
When you inhale does the diaphragm muscle contract or rise
Contract
How are the alveoli adapted to their function
Give 3
They have a large surface area to increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
Only one cell thick so a short diffusion path making gas exchange faster.
Moist surface as dissolved gasses defuse quicker.