Inheritance and Genetic Diseases

Question 1

What is a chromosome

Answer 1

Long thread like structures of DNA

Question 2

What’s a gene

Answer 2

A short section of DNA, coding for a particular protein

Question 3

What is RNA

Answer 3

Copy of DNA which leaves the nucleus to go to the ribosome.

Question 4

What is an allele

Answer 4

Different versions of the same gene

Question 5

Genome =…………………..

Answer 5

The entire DNA of an organism

Question 6

In DNA what forms the rungs between the two backbones

Answer 6

Complementary base pairs

Question 7

Which base pairs pair with which

Answer 7

A-T

C-G

Question 8

When is a U used instead of a T

Answer 8

In RNA

Question 9

Is RNA single or double stranded

Answer 9

Single

Question 10

What is transcription

Answer 10

The process of making a copy of genetic information in the form of mRNA.

Question 11

What is mRNA

Answer 11

Single stranded, moves out of the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 12

What is translation

Answer 12

The process by which the code on the mRNA is used to make protiens

Question 13

Describe the process of Transcription (5)

Answer 13

The DNA unzips

RNA Polymerase binds to the DNA

mRNA bases from complementary base pairs with DNA

RNA Polymerase joins the mRNA bases together

The finished mRNA strand leaves the nucleus through it’s pores

Question 14

How does translation work (6)

Answer 14

The ribosome binds to the mRNA

The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time. 3 bases = 1 codon

tRNA has a specific amino acid attached + a anticodon

The tRNA anticodon is complementary to the codon

The order of amino acids brought to the ribosome is determined by the order of codons

The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading it one codon at a time and binding amino acids together to form a protein

Question 15

Define asexual reproduction

Answer 15

Does not require a mate. Can reproduce by mitosis.

Question 16

What is mitosis used for

Answer 16

Growth
Repair
Replacement

Question 17

Outline the process of mitosis

Answer 17

In the cells the DNA is replicated. The chromosomes each make a replica of themselves so there are two sets of each.

The chromosomes are then pulled to either side of the cell, with one from each pair one each side. Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

Question 18

Dominant always…….recessive

Answer 18

Beats

Question 19

For the recessive trait to be expressed, you need…………………………………..

Answer 19

Two copies of the recessive alleles

Question 20

What is a phenotype

Answer 20

Physical characteristic

Question 21

Heterozygous = …………………

Answer 21

Two different allele present (B,b)

Question 22

Homozygous = …………………….

Answer 22

Only one type of alley present (B,B)

Question 23

How would you lay out a possible outcome question

Answer 23

Parent phenotype

Parent genotype

Gamete genotype

Punnet square

Offspring phenotype

Question 24

give the 3 pedigree rules

Answer 24

Dominant disorders can’t jump generations but recessive ones can

It is impossible for two people with a recessive disorder to have a child without the disorder

It is possible for two people with a dominant disorder to have a child without the disorder. 25% chance. (H,h x H,h

Question 25

What letters do we give to sex chromosomes

Answer 25

X and Y

Question 26

What two chromosomes are needed for a male

Answer 26

XY

Question 27

What two chromosomes are needed for a female

Answer 27

XX