Nutrition (Gross) Flashcards
Craniofacial complex
- Cranium: Dentition, Oral Tissues, Bones of the Face
- Allows us to communicate
The ________ is the time during which the environment has the greatest impact on the developing embryo.
Critical Period
The degree of nourishment matters during fetal development for _____ and ______ of permanent teeth.
- Pre-eruption
- Post-eruption
Primary tooth development beings at ______ gestation.
6 weeks
Stages: Initiation-\_\_\_\_\_\_ week Bud-\_\_\_\_\_ week Cap-\_\_\_\_\_ week Bell-\_\_\_\_\_ week Apposition: \_\_\_\_\_\_ Maturation: \_\_\_\_\_\_ Mineralization: \_\_\_\_\_\_ week
- 6th-7th
- 8th
- 9th-10th
- 11th-12th
- Varies per tooth
- Varies per tooth
- 12th-16th
Primary teeth mineralization begins in early ______ trimester
Second
Crowns of primary teeth formed at ______.
Birth
Crowns of permanent teeth completely formed by _____.
Age 1
Nutritional concern for Ca2+, P, Mg, +D
Alveolar bone quality
Nutritional concern for Vita C
Collagen formation of soft tissue
Nutritional concern for malnutrition
Delayed tooth eruption
Nutritional concern for protein deficiency
Tooth size and eruption sequence
Presence or lack of ______ can make the difference between high-functioning salivary glands and deficient size function of salivary glands. Saliva plays a critical role in ________.
- Nutrients
- Caries prevention
Presence or lack of _____ can make the difference between healthy periodontal tissues that are resistant to bacterial invasion and those that form periodontal pockets.
Nutrients
Macro nutrients
- Protein
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Water
Micro nutrients
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B complex
- Calcium and phosphorus
- Iron
- Zinc
Vitamin A function
Synthesizes epithelial tissues
Vitamain A Preeruptive
- Assists in formation of salivary glands, enamel, and dentin
- Deficiency may contribute to cleft lip and palate
Vitamin A Post eruptive
-Maintains epithelial tissues and keeps salivary glands working
• Maintains integrity of sulcular epithelium
• Deficiency may cause glands to atrophy and keratinize periodontal tissues
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Vitamin A
- Enamel hypoplasia is increased
- Decreased epithelial tissue development
- Tooth morphogenesis dysfunction
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Vitamin A and Folic Acid
Cleft lip/palate
Vitamin D function
Enhances absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Vitamin D Pre eruptive
- Aids with calcification of all hard tissues.
* Deficiency could cause enamel or dentin hyperplasia.
Vitamin D Post eruptive
- Helps repair diseased bone
- Supports immune function
- Deficiency causes osteomalacia and loss of lamina dura
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Vitamin D
Enamel hypoplasia
Vitamin K purpose and effect
- Aids with blood clotting time.
* Deficiency could cause prolonged clotting time
Vitamin C purpose
• Helps with formation of collagen
Vitamin pre eruptive
- Helps with formation of bone and teeth and formation of all connective tissue.
- Deficiency causes irregular formation of dentin.
Vitamin C Post eruptive
- Helps with formation of collagen, wound healing, and formation of connective tissue.
- Deficiency causes enlarged, bluish-red tissues (scurvy)
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Vitamin C
- Abnormal dentin
* Pulpal alterations
B-Complex Vitamins purpose
- Work as coenzymes that work together to maintain healthy oral tissues.
- Supports healthy immune system.
Deficiency of B1
causes increase in tissue sensitivity, burning
tongue, and loss of taste.
Deficiency of B3
causes red, swollen tongue, painful eating, & swallowing
Deficiency of B2
causes inflamed tongue, angular chelosis, greasy, red, and scaly lesions around nose.
Deficiency of B12
causes bright, smooth, and burning tongue.
Deficiency of folacin
causes burning tongue, angular chelosis, gingivitis, and frequent oral lesions
Calcium and Phosphorus purpose
Calcify hard tissues
Calcium and Phosphorus Pre eruptive
- Mineralize enamel, cementum, and bone.
* Deficiency causes hypo calcification of enamel.
Calcium and Phosphorus Post eruptive
- Remineralize hard tissues and maintain bone.
* Deficiency causes bone loss
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Calcium and Phosphorus
- Decreased mineral integrity of tooth
* Delayed tooth eruption
Fluoride purpose
• Critical growth period during age range of 6 months to 21⁄2 years when permanent teeth are developing
Fluoride Pre eruptive
• Incorporated into developing tooth to add strength
Fluoride Post eruptive
Continues to protect against dental caries
Too much fluoride pre eruptive
Dental fluorosis
Fluoride deficiency
calcified structures are weak, porous, and open for attack by acid destruction
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Fluoride
Decreased tooth stability
Iron purpose
Synthesizes hemoglobin
Iron deficiency
-Glossitis • Dysphagia • Atrophied lingual papilla • Gray mucous membranes • Angular cheilitis
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Iron
Salivary gland dysfunction
Zinc Purpose
Helps with wound healing
Zinc Deficiency
- Delay in wound healing
* Thickening of epithelium of tongue • Decrease in sensation of taste
Protein purpose
Repairs and maintains all tissues
Protein Pre eruptive
- Assists with formation of maxilla, mandibular, and periodontal tissues.
- Deficiency causes crowded and rotated teeth.
Protein Post eruptive
- Repairs all tissues and forms antibodies.
* Deficiency slows tissue healing and causes degeneration of periodontal connective tissue
Effect of Maternal Nutritional Deficiency of Protein/Calorie Malnutrition
- Delayed tooth eruption *Decreased tooth size
* Decreased enamel solubility *Salivary gland dysfunction
High blood levels of _____ are associated with increased incidence of tooth caries
Lead
_____, by-product of nicotine, has a direct relationship with dental caries in children exposed to second-hand smoke.
Cotinine
______ causes permanent intrinsic tooth staining if ingested during tooth development
Tetracycline
High levels of naturally occurring _____ can cause unsightly dental fluorosis.
Fluoride
A _____ diet enhances proper growth and development when compared to a ____ diet.
- Firm
- Soft
Diet consistency has been shown to affect _____ on the mandible and maxilla, and proper tooth eruption in animals
Growth
Calories to meet nutrient needs of pregnancy
- +300 kcal daily
- +10-15 g protein
- ↑ fluids, Ca+2
Calories to meet nutrient needs of lactation
- +500 kcal daily
- +15g protein
- ↑ fluids, Ca+2
Supplement recommended for women of childbearing age
Folic acid (400 mcg)
