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Exam 1: DHHD 5001 > Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Tooth Development (Larsen 3) > Flashcards

Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Tooth Development (Larsen 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Cell fate depends of _____ and ______.

A
  • Origin

- Temporal-spatial history

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2
Q

Cell fate is determined by _____ and ______.

A

-Genes
-Environment
(Autonomous or intrinsic) (Non-autonomous or extrinsic)

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3
Q

What combination of epithelium and neural crest cells results in tooth formation?

A
  • Neural crest

- Mandibular epithelium

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4
Q

Prior to day 12, the _____ initiates odontogenesis.

A

Epithelium

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5
Q

After day 12, the mandibular/first arch epithelium _____ odontogenic potential and _______ directs the development of the tooth.

A
  • Loses

- Ectomesenchyme

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6
Q

Growth factors are _____.

A

Peptides

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7
Q

Growth factors bind to _____ in membrane which initiates a cascade of specific protein-protein interactions.

A

Receptors

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8
Q

Transcription factors bind to ______ and a gene is transcribed to make mRNA allowing specific proteins to be translated.

A

DNA

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9
Q

Initiation (_____) –> Morphogenesis (____, ____) –> Cytodifferentiation (____)

A
  • Dental lamina
  • Bud, Cap
  • Bell
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10
Q

Undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells become ______ when in contact with _____.

A
  • Odontoblasts

- Growth factor

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11
Q

Co-linear-spatial relationship on the chromosome is the same as the embryo anteroposterior axis. These genes are called ______.

A

Hox genes

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12
Q

Each Hox gene contains a ________.

A

Homeodomain

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13
Q

Hox family genes establish regional diversity within the ________.

A

Brachial arch system

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14
Q

What are the homeobox genes associated with the neural crest cells migrating from the midbrain and rhombomeres 1 and 2

A
  • Msx
  • Dlx
  • Barx
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15
Q

The formation of the dental lamina occurs in the overlap region of the _____ that expresses _____, _____, and _____.

A
  • Ectomesenchyme
  • Msx-1
  • Msx-2
  • Dlx-2
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16
Q

During the formation of the dental lamina, expression is induced by _____ and repressed by _____ from epithelium.

A
  • Fgf-8

- Bmp-4

17
Q

Homeobox Expression: Incisor

A
  • Msx-1

- Msx-2

18
Q

Homeobox Expression: Canine

A
  • Msx-1
  • Msx-2
  • Dlx-2
19
Q

Homeobox Expression: Molar

A
  • Dlx-2

- Barx-1

20
Q

_____ gene expression occurs at sites where tooth germs appear.

A

Co-localized

21
Q

What controls the number and marks the position of teeth? (Epithelium)

A
  • Fgf-8 induces
  • Bmp-2 and Bmp-4 restricts
  • FGF does not overlap with BMPs location (how placode forms)
22
Q

What controls the number and marks the position of teeth? (Ectomesenchyme)

A
  • Pax-9

- Depends on ligands early and independent from bud stage on

23
Q

Roles of epithelium and ectomesenchyme ______ during tooth development.

A
  • Change
  • Early: epithelium is in control
  • Once mesenchyme specification is established, the mesenchyme takes over
24
Q

Initiation: Epithelial Signals

A

Shh (sonic hedgehog) a secreted protein
-Shh soaked beads applied to oral epithelium causes invaginations that resemble tooth buds
(Direction of Signals E–>M)

25
Q

Bud Stage: Condensing Mesenchyme Signals

A

The switching of the expression of BMP-4 indicates the control shift of tooth development from the epithelium to the connective tissue
(Direction of Signals M–>E)

26
Q

Dental lamina expresses _____ where teeth will develop during the initiation stage, down growth of the dental lamina.

A

BMP-4

27
Q

During the morphogenic (bud) stage, BMP-4 expression is switched to the _______.

A

Connective tissue

28
Q

Changes in BMP-4 expression precedes changes in _____ expression which becomes more localized.

A

Msx-1

29
Q

In the Cap Stage (Enamel Knot Signaling), ______ is required to induce the enamel knot.

A

Mesenchymal Bmp4

Direction of Signals E–>M

30
Q

In the Cap Stage (Enamel Knot Signaling), specific inner enamel epithelium cells express ____, ____, and ____.

A
  • SHH
  • BMP4
  • FGF4
31
Q

A layer of non-dividing ______ at the surface of the developing _____ controls the crown shape

A
  • Epithelium

- Cusp tips

32
Q

What is involved in formation of crown shape?

A
  • Primary enamel knot
  • Secondary enamel knot
  • Express p21 (cell cycle related gene)
  • Signaling factors: BMP, FGF, SHH, WNT
33
Q

Gene name and function: Msx

A
  • Msh-like genes

- Transcription factor

34
Q

Gene name and function: Dlx

A
  • Distaless homologue

- Transcription factor

35
Q

Gene name and function: Barx

A
  • Barh1 homologue

- Transcription factor

36
Q

Gene name and function: Bmp-4

A
  • Bone morphogenetic protein

- Secreted protein

37
Q

Gene name and function: Shh

A
  • Sonic hedgehog

- Secreted protein

Exam 1: DHHD 5001 (14 decks)

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