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Exam 1: DHHD 5001 > Dentinogenesis/Amelogenesis (Gonzales 1) > Flashcards

Dentinogenesis/Amelogenesis (Gonzales 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of dentin

A

Dental papilla

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2
Q

Origin of enamel

A

The enamel organ

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3
Q

What happens to the outer enamel epithelium?

A

Degenerates

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4
Q

What happens to the inner enamel epithelium?

A

Forms enamel

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5
Q

What happens to the stellate reticulum?

A

Allows room for growth

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6
Q

What happens to the stratum intermedium?

A

Nutrition of the inner enamel epithelium

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7
Q

Formation of the DEJ occurs during the _____ stage.

A

Bell

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8
Q

Formation of the DEJ forms by reciprocal interaction (induction between the _____ and _____).

A
  • Epithelium

- Ectomesenchyme

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9
Q

Steps of DEJ formation:

  1. Formation of the _________.
  2. Differentiation of cells in the dental papilla into _______.
  3. Secretion of ______ by the odontoblasts.
  4. Differentiation of the inner enamel epithelium into ________.
  5. Secretion of the initial layer of enamel by ________.
A
  1. Inner enamel epithelium
  2. Odontoblasts
  3. Mantle dentin
  4. Ameloblasts
  5. Ameloblasts
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10
Q

Odontoblast differentiation: ______ derived from ectomesenchyme of neural crest origin lie next to the basement membrane of inner enamel epithelium.

A

Squamous cells

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11
Q

Odontoblast differentiation: Squamous cells become _____ and develop ______ which extend toward the future DEJ. Contact with ________ initiates molecular signals that cause the cell to differentiate.

A
  • Columnar
  • Cell processes
  • Basement membrane
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12
Q

Odontoblast differentiation: the ________ represents the location of the future dentino-enamel junction.

A

Basement membrane

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13
Q

Odontoblast differentiation: During polarization, the nucleus _____ away from the cell process (and basement membrane) and takes on _______ of a protein secreting cell with well developed RER and golgi apparatus.

A
  • Migrates

- Organization

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14
Q

Mantel dentin is a narrow band of dentin that is formed under the __________ of the inner enamel epithelium.

A

Basement membrane

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15
Q

Formation of Mantle Dentin: thickness ranges between ______ and is a ______ step process.

A
  • 10 to 50 micrometers

- Two

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16
Q

Formation of Mantle Dentin: Secretion of the unmineralized organic matrix (pre-dentin) contains _______ and _______ then mineralization (inorganic matrix).

A
  • Glycosaminoglycans

- Dentin specific proteins

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17
Q

Differentiating odontoblasts secrete _________ between developing cell processes.

A

Organic matrix (pre-dentin)

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18
Q

Predentin is composed of _______, many of which are involved in the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals and _______, thick bundles of collagen fibers oriented perpendicular to the future DEJ. This induces formation of ________.

A
  • Numerous proteins
  • Korff fibers (alpha fibers)
  • Ameloblasts
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19
Q

______ bud off cell processes of odontoblasts. These contain ________ needed for calcification of extracellular matrix.

A
  • Matrix vesicles

- Alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes

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20
Q

Hydroxyapatite crystals outgrow from the ________.

A

Matrix vesicles

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21
Q

Hydroxyapatite forms spheres, called _______, on the collagen fibers, which fuse to form ________.

A
  • Calcospherites

- Mineralized dentin

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22
Q

Dentinal tubules are potential spaces in the dentinal matrix that contain _______, ________, and _______.

A
  • Odontoblastic cell process
  • Nerve endings
  • Extracellular fluid
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23
Q

_______ represents all dentin formed after the initial formation of mantle dentin.

A

Circumpulpal dentin

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24
Q

Formation of Circumpulpal Dentin: Retreating odontoblasts secrete small caliber collagen fibers called ________.

A

Beta fibers

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25
Q

Formation of Circumpulpal Dentin: Mineralization occurs directly on the _______ in a linear fashion, called the __________.

A
  • Collagen fibers

- Mineralization front

26
Q

Formation of Circumpulpal Dentin: There is always a layer of _______ separating the odontoblast cell bodies from the mineralized dentin.

A

Pre-dentin

27
Q

Mantle Dentin:

  • ______ micrometers next to DEJ
  • Contain ______ fibers
  • Mineralization by ______
  • Induces formation of ________
A
  • 10 to 50
  • Alpha or Korff’s (thick)
  • Matrix vesicle
  • Ameloblasts
28
Q

Circumpulpal Dentin:

  • _____ of the dentin surrounding the pulp
  • Contains _______ fibers
  • Mineralization occurs on ________ and is mediated by _________.
A
  • Most
  • Beta or thin collagen
  • Collagen fibers
  • Dentinal proteins
29
Q

Enamel rods (prisms) made of ________, which are the area between ______ (horizontal striations).

A
  • Rod segments

- Daily growth lines

30
Q

The rod is separated by ______ that holds rods together. We now know that this is _______.

A
  • Interrod (interprismic) substance

- Interprismic enamel aka interrod enamel

31
Q

The enamel rod or prism is:

  • The structural unit of _______.
  • Composed of numerous _______.
  • Runs from the ______ to the ______.
  • Shaped like _______.
A
  • Enamel
  • Rod segments
  • DEJ to the tooth surface
  • Keyhole
32
Q

Life Cycle of Ameloblast:

  1. Morphogenic Stage: _____ of tooth
  2. Organizing Stage: _______ of cells
  3. Secretory Stage: Secretion of _______
  4. Maturation Stage: _______ and _______ of enamel proteins
  5. ______ and ______ Stage
A
  1. Shape
  2. Polarization
  3. Enamel proteins
  4. Mineralization and resorption
  5. Protective and Desmolytic
33
Q

Regulation of Enamel Structure:

  • Secretory Stage: build up of _______
  • Maturation Stage: removal of _______
A
  • Enamel layer

- Peptides

34
Q

In the morphogenic stage, the interaction between _____ and _____ determines the shape of the tooth in the ___ stage.

A
  • Ectomesenchyme and inner enamel epithelium

- Bell

35
Q

In the organizing stage, ______ of the organelles away from the ________ to secrete proteins toward the future _____.

A
  • Polarization
  • Basement membrane
  • DEJ
36
Q

The formation of Tomes’ process occurs during the _______ Stage.

A

Secretory

37
Q

Formation of Tomes’ Process:

1. A layer of ______, which will become the future _____, is laid next to the basement membrane.

A
  • Aprismic enamel

- DEJ

38
Q

Formation of Tomes’ Process:

2. Enamel protein is secreted in the intercellular spaces between cells forming the _________.

A

Interrod or interprismic enamel

39
Q

Formation of Tomes’ Process:

3. Portion of the cell surrounded by _______ becomes the Tomes’ Process

A

Enamel

40
Q

Formation of the Rod Space occurs during the ______ Stage.

A

Secretory

41
Q

Formation of the Rod Space:
1. Cells retreat from DEJ while secreting additional _______ in the intercellular space contributing to the linear growth of the _______.

A
  • Enamel proteins

- Interprismic enamel

42
Q

Formation of the Rod Space:

2. A potential space (Rod Space) containing the Tomes’ process is located between the _______ of adjacent cells

A

Interprismic enamel

43
Q

Formation of the Rod Segment occurs during the _______ Stage.

A

Secretory

44
Q

Formation of the Rod Segment:

  1. Space becomes filled with _____.
  2. Results in ______ micrometer segment of enamel.
  3. Multiple layers of rod segments form the ______.
  4. Takes _____ to form a rod segment.
A
  1. Enamel
  2. 2 x 2
  3. Enamel rods
  4. 24 hours
45
Q

______ are dark horizontal striations on the enamel rod that represent daily growth of rod segments.

A

Striations

46
Q

Four ameloblasts make one enamel rod with keyhole shape due to ________.

A

Hexagonal shape of Tomes’ process

47
Q

Formation of Dentino-Enamel Junction: The surface of the mantle dentin is ______.

A

Not smooth

48
Q

Formation of Dentino-Enamel Junction: Odontoblast cell processes extend beyond the dentin’s surface, called _______.

A

Enamel spindles

49
Q

Formation of Dentino-Enamel Junction: The _______ of inner enamel epithelium breaks down.

A

Basement membrane

50
Q

Formation of Dentino-Enamel Junction: ________ secrete a layer of aprismic enamel.

A

Pre-ameloblasts

51
Q

Formation of Dentino-Enamel Junction: Apical ends of odontoblast cells processes that become surrounded by enamel are called ______.

A

Enamel spindles

52
Q

In the maturation stage of the life cycle of the ameloblast, _______ with hydroxyapatite occurs as well as resorption of _________ (alternating ruffled and smooth borders allow this).

A
  • Mineralization

- Enamel proteins

53
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta: List the three steps in the formation of enamel formation in which anomalies can occur

A
  • Secretion
  • Calcification
  • Maturation
54
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Secretion

A

Not enough enamel matrix is secreted

55
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Calcification

A

Hypocalcification

56
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Maturation

A

Crystal growth is limited

57
Q

Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta is a defect in ________, which is very thin and cannot be detected on radiograph. It results in a rough pitted surface, although enamel is hard and (+) calcification.

A

Amount of enamel secreted

58
Q

Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta is when ______ occurs. The matrix formation is of normal thickness, but enamel is soft (“swiss cheese”) and teeth are usually brown due to extrinsic stains.

A

No calcification

59
Q

Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta is a defect in _______ in which enamel is softer than unaffected enamel but stronger that hypocalcified AI. Results in mottled enamel with brown pigment and snow capped incisal/occlusal surface.

A

Mineralization

60
Q

In the protective stage of the life cycle of the ameloblast, the _______ is formed, which consists of _______ and ________.

A
  • Reduced enamel epithelium

- Post-ameloblasts and stratum intermedium

61
Q

______, which can be associated with unerupted or partially erupted tooth, are lined with epithelial cells derived from the reduced enamel epithelium.

A

Dentigerous cysts

62
Q

In the desmolytic stage of the life cycle of the ameloblast, release of _______ during eruption to ________ occurs.

A
  • Hydrolytic enzymes

- Break down connective tissue

Exam 1: DHHD 5001 (14 decks)

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