Childhood and Primary Dentition (Britton) Flashcards
- _____ growth in utero
- Birth is a traumatic event that the ______ and _____ helps.
- ______ adaptation
- Growth ceases and small weight loss in the first 7-10 days
- Rapid
- Small mandible, Cranial distortion
- Physiologic
Factors affecting growth
- Premature birth (low weight)
- Chronic illness
- Nutritional status
Physiologic functions of the oral cavity
- Respiration
- Swallowing
- Mastication
- Speech
Airway established right after ____
- Tongue drops _______
- Mandible ______ away from posterior pharyngeal wall
- Newborns are obligatory ____ breathers
- Respiratory movements are practiced _____
- Birth
- downward and forward
- downward
- Nasal
- in utero
- Small nibbling movements of the lips (reflex action)
- Causes lactation of the mothers breast
- Infantile swallow
- Milk flows posterior over the tongue
- Tongue is placed anteriorly with contact on the lower lip
Suckling
Suckling reflex and infantile swallow usually disappear after ________
- Increased activation of the ______ muscles of the mandible
- Move to semisolid and solid food requires more active movement in the ______
- first year of life
- elevator
- posterior
Adult Swallow Pattern: As sucking activity stops -Cessation of \_\_\_ activity -Tongue tip places against the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ behind the upper incisors -Posterior teeth brought into \_\_\_\_\_ -Age 8 60% adult swallow 40% in \_\_\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ will delay transition
- Lip
- Alveolar process
- Occlusion
- Transition
- Anterior open bite
- Tongue placed anteriorly between the teeth when swallowing; allow for creation of a seal in the anterior
- Result of an anterior open bite or transition
Tongue thrust
- Tongue is placed between the teeth at longer intervals while relaxing, playing video games, concentrating; changes the duration
- Can cause an anterior open bite
Tongue Posture
Adult _____ pattern:
- Opens straight down
- Moves laterally to bring teeth into contact
- Appears in conjunction with the eruption of the permanent canines (age 12)
Chewing
How do all teeth fit?
- Two Dentitions
- Sequential development of the dentition
- Sequential development of the teeth
- Delayed mesiodistal enlargement of posterior teeth
- Normal variation
- Genetic Component
- Outside influences
Variability
permanent teeth that replace primary teeth
Succedaneous Teeth
Spaces between baby teeth
Primate spaces
the perpendicular distance from a point between the central incisors to a line connecting the mesial contacts of the first permanent molars
Arch Length
the distance from the mesial contact of one first permanent molar to its antimere as measured through the contact points or buccal cusp tips of all of the intervening teeth, ignoring those teeth that are malpositioned or blocked out so that the measurement represents an ideal arch form
Arch Circumference
Changes in the arch
- Expansion at Canine Regions
- Anterior Teeth More Forward
Leeway Space
- 5 mm mand
1. 5 mm max
Common Characteristics
of a Mixed Dentition
- Ugly Duckling
- Incisor Liability
How to test growth
- Hand wrist film
- Cervical vertebrae
- Eruption before emerging into oral cavity
- Eruption “movements” begin as soon as the roots begin to develop (Significance? Metabolic activity in the PDL?)
- Requirements
1. Resorption of bone and primary tooth
2. Eruption mechanism must guide tooth to erupt
Preemergent Eruption
deficient resorption of bone and primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, fibrous gingiva
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
If no resorption or if there is an obstruction…
tooth will not erupt
- “Eruption mechanism” must guide tooth to erupt
- Mechanical Obstruction
- “________” have bone resorption, crowns appear in mouth, but teeth never erupt enough to occlude
Primary failure of eruption
Does bone resorption induce the “eruptive mechanism”?
_________
NO, BUT need the bone cleared
Does the “eruptive mechanism” induce bone resorption?
Appears that follicle signals for bone resorption but still need “eruptive mechanism” to be functioning in order for the tooth to erupt
Theories of Tooth eruption
What induces teeth to erupt?
Possible Mediators
- Pressure from developing tissue at apex.
- Direct bone formation
- Dental Follicle
- Periodontal Ligament-Contraction of Fibers, Myofibroblasts
- Usually emerge when ¾ of root complete
- Eruption of teeth until occlusal level is reached.
- Postemergent Spurt
- Juvenile Occlusal Equilibrium
- 2-3 years after eruption, roots are completely formed
-Postemergent eruption
- Rapid eruption from penetration of the gingiva to occlusal level
- Eruption timing? (Possibly more in the late evening 8 PM – 1 AM)
Postemergent Spurt
Teeth erupt slowly – seem to parallel the growth of the mandibular ramus
Juvenile Occlusal Equilibrium
the roots of primary teeth lose their normal attachment to the bone and become fused directly to the bone.
Ankylosis
Diagnosis of ankylosis
- Percussion
- Dipping of the interproximal bone
- Abnormal infraocclusion of the occlusal plane
ntal age is a developmental age scale, based on three things:
- Which teeth have erupted
- The amount of crown or root development of the permanent teeth
- The degree of root resorption of the primary teeth
Dental age has a loose correlation with chronologic age. ______ is more important than age.
Sequence
