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Bio Quiz 2 > Nutrition Exam III > Flashcards

Nutrition Exam III Flashcards

Ch 3,7,10 (10 T/F, 20 MC, 25 matching)

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hormones T/F

A
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2
Q

Leptin

A

full

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3
Q

Ghrelin

A

Hungry

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4
Q

Insulin

A

Absorption (nutrients)
anabolic

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5
Q

Glucagon

A

Frees stored energy
catabolic
opposite of insulin

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6
Q

Testosterone

A

increase protein synthesis
anabolic

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7
Q

Growth Hormone

A

general growth
anabolic

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8
Q

Cortisol

A

stress hormone
catabolic

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9
Q

Which hormones are anabolic?

A

Insulin, testosterone, growth hormone

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10
Q

Which hormones are catabolic?

A

Glucagon and cortisol

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11
Q

(1)What does BMI measure and (2) how is it measured?

A
  1. health populations
  2. Weight (kg)/height (m)
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12
Q

What BMI range is considered underweight?

A

Equal to or less than 18.

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13
Q

What BMI range is considered healthy?

A

18.1-24.9

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14
Q

What BMI range is considered overweight?

A

25-29.9

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15
Q

What BMI range is considered obese?

A

30-34.9

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16
Q

What BMI range is considered obese II?

A

35-39.9

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17
Q

What BMI range is considered obese III?

A

equal to or over 40.

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18
Q

What is Body fat % used to calculate?

A

Lean body mass

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19
Q

Body fat % for men

A

3% required
18-21% average with HBW

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20
Q

Body fat % for women

A

9-11% required
23-26% average with HBW

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21
Q

Body fat % Measures:
Skinfold

A

uses calculation to estimate percentage

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22
Q

Body fat % Measures:
Bioelectrical Impedance

A

measures electrical resistance

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23
Q

Body fat % Measures:
Underwater weighing

A

measures body density

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24
Q

What is the gold standard for body fat % measures?

A

DEXA scan

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25
Q

What are Macronutrient Sources of Energy DURING ACTIVITY?

A

Glucose
Amino Acids (convert to glucose)

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26
Q

What are Macronutrient Sources of Energy DURING REST?

A

Fatty Acids

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27
Q

What does glycogen store?

A

Carbohydrates

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28
Q

Where does glycogen store carbohydrates in?

A

Muscle and liver

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29
Q

(1) How many calories stored on average? (2) How many calories stored in liver and muscle?

A
  1. 2,000 calories
  2. Liver- 400 cal
    Muscle- 1,600 cal
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30
Q

What does triglyceride store?

A

Lipid

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31
Q

Where does triglyceride store lipids in?

A

Adipose tissue

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32
Q

How many calories are stored in adipose tissue?

A

70,000 calories

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33
Q

(1)Amino acids are converted to? (2)Where are they converted?

A
  1. Glucose
  2. kidney
    (WHEN GLYCOGEN RUNS OUT)
34
Q

What is Lactate and Citrate purpose?

A

Used for energy during recovery

35
Q

What are the Energy production systems?

A

Immediate (phosphagen) and Short Term (anaerobic)

36
Q

What does Immediate energy production system provide energy for?

A

Activities under 10 seconds

37
Q

What energy production system uses stored and recycled ATP and creatine?

A

Immediate (phosphagen) energy production system

38
Q

What energy production system has Cytosol?

A

Immediate and Short Term

39
Q

What does Short Term energy production system provide energy for?

A

Activities between 11-60 seconds

40
Q

What energy production system uses glucose?

A

Short Term

41
Q

What energy production system includes glycolysis and fermentation?

A

Short Term

42
Q

What energy production system has a Lactic Acid byproduct?

A

Short Term

43
Q

What energy production system generates 4 ATP?

A

Short term

44
Q

(1) Waist Circumference has a strong correlation with? (2) What type of people does it effect?

A
  1. disease risk
  2. men & postmenopausal women
45
Q

What waist circumference for men is high risk?

A

> 40” high risk
(more than)

46
Q

What waist circumference for women is high risk?

A

> 36” high risk
(more than)

47
Q

What is purpose of Pine bark extract?

A

fiber,
helps with reducing inflammation

48
Q

pH balance

A

Beta Alanine (produced naturally in body/nonessential)
Baking Soda

49
Q

Performance Enhancing Drugs

A

Anabolic Steroids
SARMS
SERMS
Prohormones

50
Q

Anabolic Steroids

A

synthetic testosterone

51
Q

SARMS

A

act on testosterone receptors

52
Q

SERMS

A

Influence estrogen metabolism

53
Q

Prohormones

A

Substances that promote
production of certain hormones

54
Q

What does Long term energy production system provide energy for?

A

Activities over 1 min

55
Q

What energy production system uses B vitamins?

A

Long term

56
Q

What is the byproduct of Long Term energy system?

A

CO2 and Citric Acid

57
Q

How much ATP does the Long Term Energy System generate?

A

32-34 ATP

58
Q

What does the Long term energy system use that forms/metabolizes Acetyl COA?

A

Pyruvate from glucsoe/triglycerides

59
Q

Where does long term energy system occur in?

A

Mitochondria

60
Q

Energy Balance

A

measured in calories
Surplus: in >out
Deficit: in < out

61
Q

Energy in

A

-Calorie intake
-calorie absorption
-regulated by hormones/microbiome

62
Q

Energy out

A

-BMR
-EAT
-NEAT
-TEF
-AT

63
Q

BMR

A

at rest

64
Q

EAT

A

planned activities

65
Q

NEAT

A

unplanned activities

66
Q

TEF

A

digestion

67
Q

AT

A

body temp

68
Q

(1)What is Waist to hip ratio? (2)What is correlation? (3)Who does it effect?

A
  1. Comparison of waist circumference/hip
    circumference
  2. disease risk
  3. premenopausal women
69
Q

What is the Waist to Hip Ratio for men at high risk?

A

> 1
(more than)

70
Q

What is the Waist to Hip Ratio for women at high risk?

A

> .85
(more than)

71
Q

Types of fat by location?

A

Visceral and Subcutaneous fat

72
Q

What fat is around organs and linked to disease risk?

A

Visceral fat

73
Q

(1) Where is Subcutaneous fat found? (2) What is its purpose?

A
  1. Under skin
  2. used for energy
74
Q

What fat cell is “good”? What does it do?

A

Brown adipose
-increase metabolism

75
Q

What fat cell is “bad”
What does it do?

A

White adipose
-decrease metabolism

76
Q

Protein intake

A

1g/lbs body weight

77
Q

What does BCAAs (Leucine) do?

A

Preserve existing muscle

78
Q

What does nootropics effect?

A

neurologic adaptation/focus

79
Q

Nootropics examples

A

Caffeine
Ginseng
Amphetamines
Nicotine

80
Q

What are nitric oxide boosters (blood flow)

A

Citrulline

Bio Quiz 2 (7 decks)

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