Environmental Science Exam 2

Question 1

Mark and Recapture Method equations

Answer 1

M/N=m/n
N=Mn/m

Question 2

What does
M, m, N, n
stand for?

Answer 2

N-population size estimated

M-number originally captured and tagged

n- number captured subsequently

m- number of subsequently captured population tagged

Question 3

Species distribution:

Answer 3

Random, Uniform, Clumped

Question 4

Survivorship curve
(types and description)

Answer 4

Type 1: Humans (k-selected/low death rate at birth, high death rate old)
Type 2: Birds (consistent death rate)
Type 3: Trees (r-selected/high death rate at brith, live long after a while)

Question 5

Density Independent Factors

Answer 5

Natural Disasters

Question 5

Density Dependent Factors

Answer 5

Food, shelter, disease

Question 6

Exponential growth

Answer 6

Population sky-rockets fast
( J curve)

Question 7

Logistic Growth

Answer 7

Population rapid growth at first, than later decreases and steadies.
(S curve)

Question 8

R selected species

Answer 8

Many offspring
Low parental care
High Death rate
Fast growth

Question 9

K selected species

Answer 9

Few offspring
High parental care
low death rate
Slow growth

Question 10

Limitations on organisms

Answer 10

Moisture
pH
temp
light
nutrients
gas availability

Question 11

Ecological Niche

Answer 11

Specific conditions a species live in

Question 12

Generalist Species

Answer 12

Broad Niche

Question 13

Specialist Species

Answer 13

Narrow Niche

Question 14

Interspecific competition

Answer 14

different species

Question 15

Intraspecific competition

Answer 15

same species

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

both benefit

Question 17

Parasitism

Answer 17

one benefits from other’s detriment

Question 18

Commensalism

Answer 18

one benefits, one neutral

Question 19

What are some predator-prey adaptations?

Answer 19

Camouflage
Warning color
Chemical warfare
Behavior

Question 20

Mullerian Mimicry

Answer 20

looks harmful
(is harmful)

Question 21

Batesian Mimicry

Answer 21

looks harmful
(is not harmful)

Question 22

Biodiversity

Answer 22

The variety of genes,
organisms, species.

Question 23

Competitive Exclusion

Answer 23

2 species occupy the same
ecological niche in a habitat. One will force other to adapt or go extinct.

Question 24

Resource Partitioning

Answer 24

Species divide niche to reduce competition.

Question 25

Species that
play an
important role in
forming their
habitat and
defining their
ecosystem

Answer 25

Foundation Species

Question 26

They have
a strong impact on the
health of an ecosystem

Answer 26

Keystone Species
(top predators)

Question 27

Non-native species
that causes damage
to the ecosystem
they move in to

Answer 27

Invasive Species

Question 28

Primary Succession

Answer 28

Changes in the community in an area that has
previously been uninhabited.

Question 29

Ecological inertia/persistence

Answer 29

ecosystem’s ability to survive
(moderate disturbance)

Question 30

Ecological resilience

Answer 30

ecosystem’s ability to be
restored
(large disturbance)

Question 31

What has contributed to rapid growth in past years?

Answer 31

Decrease in death rate

Question 32

Urban Pull (Urbanization)

Answer 32

Economic opportunity
Services
Housing
Diversity

Question 33

Urbanization issues

Answer 33

Homelessness
Traffic
Pollution
Disease transmission

Question 34

1) Can population grow infinitely?
2) Can a population grow beyond its carrying capacity?

Answer 34

1) No
2) Yes (overshoot)

Question 35

Take advantage of compact design

Answer 35

buildings going vertical

Question 36

Mix land uses

Answer 36

walking,biking,public transport