Bio Final Exam (4)

Question 1

What are factors of density-dependent?

Answer 1

Food, shelter, waste build up, disease

-war, plagues & famines

Question 2

What are factors of density-independent?

Answer 2

Meteorite, earthquakes, human interaction, climate, weather,

Question 3

Effects of density-independent?

Answer 3

Climate change, effects on plants & animals, insect disease increase, creatceous extinction

Question 4

Define population ecology

Answer 4

study of populations interacting with each other and the environment

Question 5

What factors effect population densities?

Answer 5

Births, deaths, immigrants, emmigrants

Question 6

What is the maximum rate a population can increase and is ideal?

Answer 6

Biotic Potential

Question 7

What is environmental resistance?

Answer 7

food, shelter, interactions

Question 8

What is a population’s growth limited by?

Answer 8

it’s environment

Question 9

What is carrying capacity?

Answer 9

An environment’s “ceiling” for growth (k)

-environmental resistance

Question 10

How can carrying capacity be increased?

Answer 10

Agriculture tech, advancement in tech (industrial revolution)

Question 11

Boom and Bust Cycle

Answer 11

rapid increase and rapid decrease

-Lynx and snow hare

Question 12

R-Species characteristics

Answer 12

Short Development
Early Reproduction
Few breeding events
Less parent involvement
High mortality rate
short life span

Question 13

K- species characteristics

Answer 13

Long development
later reproduction
more breeding events
more parent investment
low mortality rate
long life span

Question 14

R- species examples

Answer 14

Cockroaches, bacteria, fish

Question 15

K-species examples

Answer 15

bears, humans bald eagle

Question 16

How is human population changing

Answer 16

1. Cultural revolution
   (hunting/gathering)
2. Agriculture revolution
3. Industrial/medical rev
4. Green revolution

Question 17

Human Population:
Carrying capacity? Possible carrying capactiy?

Answer 17

• million people every 4 days
  -carrying capacity: 9-10 bil
  -possible cc: 500 mil - 1 tril

Question 18

Age Pyramids purpose

Answer 18

show number of individuals in population

-estimate birth and death rates

Question 19

What is age structure?

Answer 19

Number of individuals in each age category

Question 20

What makes up the reproductive base?

Answer 20

Pre-reproductive and reproductive groups

Question 21

Demographic Transition model

Answer 21

growth rate changing over time as country develops

Question 22

What are the 4 stages of the Demographic Transition model?

Answer 22

1. Preindustrial
2. Transitional
3. Industrial
4. Postindustrial

Question 23

Define Ecology

Answer 23

Interaction of systems in biosphere of living and non living

Question 24

Species richness

Answer 24

Number of species present and stabilizing

Question 25

Resource Partitioning

Answer 25

Way to reduce competition

Question 26

Predator-Prey Interaction examples

Answer 26

-Coevolution
-different species act as agents of natural selection
-camouflage
-mimicry

Question 27

Camouflage

Answer 27

Blend in w/surroundings

Question 28

Commensalism

Answer 28

one species benefits

Question 29

Community

Answer 29

all populations in an ecosystem

Question 30

Competition

Answer 30

shared resources are limited

Question 31

Competitive Exclusion

Answer 31

2 species competing, one eliminated

Question 32

Consumer

Answer 32

Primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 33

Decomposer

Answer 33

worms/ breaks down

Question 34

Ecological Niche

Answer 34

Role/position of species in its environment

Question 35

Ecosystem

Answer 35

community of living organisms interacting w/ environment

Question 36

Energy Pyramid

Answer 36

Trophic Levels
-10 % of energy is transferred

Question 37

Food Chain

Answer 37

food transfer

Question 38

Food Web

Answer 38

network of interconnecting chains

Question 39

Interspecific Competition

Answer 39

Different species, occupy same eco niche
-competitive exclusion

Question 40

Competitive Exclusion

Answer 40

2 species are competing for limited resource, one eliminates the other

Question 41

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 41

same species

Question 42

Mimicry

Answer 42

Mullerian:
warning color, multiple species (bees&butterfly)
Batesian:
defenseless copies the one with defense (snake)

Question 43

Mutualism

Answer 43

Both benefit

Question 44

Niche

Answer 44

total of factors in an organisms environment

Question 45

Primary consumers

Answer 45

Herbivores

Question 46

Producers

Answer 46

Autotrophs

Question 47

Secondary Consumers

Answer 47

carnivores/omnivores

Question 48

Symbiosis

Answer 48

close permanent relatioship

Question 49

Trophic Levels

Answer 49

route that energy travels through ecosystem

producer>primary>secondary-> tertiary

10% transferred to next level

Question 50

What is Biological Niche?

Answer 50

The role a species plays in its environment and how it interacts with others

Question 51

What are factors that limit life?

Answer 51

Temp, light, oxygen, carbon dioxide, precipitation

Question 52

What are the 3 Community Interactions?

Answer 52

1.Competition
-shared resources are limited
2.Predator-prey interaction
-diverse adaptations in predators/prey
3.Symbiosis
-close permanent relationship

Question 53

What are the Symbiotic Relationships?

Answer 53

Mutualism
-both benefit
Commensalism
-one benefits,none harmed
Parasitism
-one benefits, one harmed