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Bio Quiz 2 > Exam 4 Environmental Science > Flashcards

Exam 4 Environmental Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Traditional VS Modern Hazards

A

Traditional-related to poverty and lack of development
-Caused by tech development

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2
Q

What does Traditional and modern hazards effect?

A

traditional- developing countries and poor people

modern- industrial countries (traditional hazards are low)

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3
Q

How does antibiotic resistance develop?

A
  1. Few germs are drug resistant
    2 Antibiotics kill bacteria
  2. drug-resistant bacteria can grow and take over
  3. bacteria give their drug-resistance to others (more problems)
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4
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Acute effect

A

rapid & large amounts
(eating tie pods)

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5
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Chronic effect

A

long term exposure & low levels/hard to measure
(lung cancer from smoking early age)

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6
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: LD-50

A

lethal to 50% population

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7
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: ED-50

A

significant response to 50% population

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8
Q

What are environmental contaminants?

A

classifications based on it action/effects

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9
Q

What are 2 examples of environmental contaminants?

A
  1. Endocrine disruptor
  2. Neurotoxin
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10
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

Using organisms to clean up pollution

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11
Q

What is an example of bioremediation? How?

A

Wastewater treatment
-microbes remove dissolved waste in water

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12
Q

What is the Superfund?

A

Established by CIRCLA in 1980
-allows EPA to clean up certain sites
-forces companies to pay
-“polluter pay” tax

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13
Q

Surface Water resources?

A

Rivers, lakes, glaciers

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14
Q

What is watershed?

A

An area drained by a river

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15
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

artificial lake, created by damming a river

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16
Q

Where is groundwater located? Originates from?

A

Pore (small) spaces
-Originates from rain or snowmelt

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17
Q

Groundwater rates

A

groundwater resources are depleting at rates that EXCEED RECHARGE

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18
Q

What are recharge areas?

A

water goes into ground

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19
Q

What is the greatest use of water?

A

AGRICULTURE
-irrigation, livestock, home use, commercial/industrial use, electric power generation.

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20
Q

Point Source VS Non point source

A

Point
- can be traced to specific area (direct source)

Non point
-cannot be traces

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21
Q

Process of eutrophication

A
  1. Phytoplankton die, become oxygen demanding waste.
  2. Oxygen consumed, water become hypoxic
  3. Hypoxic/anoxic waters lead to dead zone, causing Ecological Catastrophe
22
Q

Differences in water
Developing world VS developed world

A
23
Q

What are the top 3 staple crops?

A
  1. Corn 2. Rice 3. Wheat
24
Q

What are issues with crops making up 51% of all calories?

A

War, diseases, nutritional deficiencies, food security.

25
Q

What is hunger?

A

-calories taken in is LESS THAN minimum dietary energy requirement
(chronic undernourishment)

26
Q

What is Malnourished?

A

Not receiving enough macronutrients (calories)

27
Q

What is Obesity?

A

Negative health effects

28
Q

T/F: A person can be obese and malnourished,

A

True
-processed foods supply calories, not always macronutrients

29
Q

Genetic modification before genetic engineering

A

Traditional breeding practices.
Genetic modifying traits of wild species.

30
Q

What are the benefits of genetic engineering?

A

Enhanced nutrition, cheaper production, reduced pesticides.

31
Q

What are concerns of genetic engineering?

A

Interbreeding w/ native species, consumers right to choose, long-term ecological effects, human health risk, intellectual property rights

32
Q

Evidence of Problems with GE crops?

A

There is NO EVIDENCE on
ecological harm from genetic transfer to wild
species OR harm to human health

33
Q

What are 3 soil forming factors? How do they impact the formation of soil?

A

1.Organisms- organic matter, nutrient cycling, mixing, aerating
2. Relief -soil erosion
3. Climate- growing season length and decomposition rates

34
Q

Soil Horizons?

A

(O)rganic
(A) topsoil-minerals& organic matter,plant growth
(B) subsoil- leached minerals
(C) substratum- parent material soil
(R) Bedrock- rock

35
Q

Characteristics of Conventional Agriculture

A

-Large c.i.
-monocultures
-large scale farms
-Mechanization
-pesticides/herbicides
-fertilizers

36
Q

What are 2 Concerns of Conventional Agriculture?

A

Habitat loss & water pollution

37
Q

Pesticide

A

substance used to repel or destroy pests

38
Q

Herbicide

A

substance killing the growth of unwanted plants

39
Q

Fungicide

A

pesticides that kill/prevent the growth of fungi and their spores

40
Q

Insecticide

A

pesticides that kill/repel insects

41
Q

Benefits of using chemical pesticides?

A

increase agricultural productivity AND limit disease

42
Q

Consequences of using chemical pesticides?

A

negative impacts on non-pest species, health impacts (lymphoma, leukemia)

43
Q

Persistent organic pollutants

A

chemicals that are toxic to humans and wildlife

44
Q

Bioaccumulative

A

organism absorbs a substance faster than it can be eliminated

45
Q

Endocrine disruptors

A

mimic or interfere with the
body’s hormones.

46
Q

Grasshopper effect

A

process that moves certain chemicals from warmer to colder areas of the Earth

47
Q

Define Sustainable Agriculture

A

farming to meet society’s present food and textile needs while protecting the environment

48
Q

Name two characteristics of organic farming

A

use of renewable resources, conservation of soil/water

49
Q

How much food wasted in the U.S.?

A

40%

50
Q

How can I reduce my Food print?

A

Shop at farmer’s markets, bring my own cup and silverware when going out to eat, don’t go to buffets, cook at home more and use all of the parts of the food.

Bio Quiz 2 (12 decks)

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