final exam nutrition Flashcards
what is folate?
dna snythesis
what are the Antioxidants?
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Selenium
Beta-carotene
Zinc—sperm maturation
What is special about the antioxidants Beta and Zinc?
Beta- Carotene
Zinc- sperm mutation
What source is iron? What does it improve?
-plant source
-improves ovulation
What weeks during pregnancy are most vulnerable to toxic agents?
Weeks 3-8
What are the daily energy needs for:
Trimester 1? Trimester 2? Trimester 3? Lactation?
1: +0 calories
2: +340 Calories
3: +450 calories
Lactation: +500 calories
How many lbs is considered a health weight gain during pregnancy?
20-30 lbs
REGARDLESS OF STARTING BMI
What is Essential fatty acid ratio important for?
managing inflammation and assisting in
neurological development
What is Folate and Vitamin B12 important for
neural tube development
What is Choline important for
development of brain and
spinal cord
What is Vitamin D and Calcium important for?
bone growth and tooth development
What is iron important for?
increased blood volume and placental development
What is zinc important for?
Protein synthesis and cell development
What is purpose of Vitamin K?
bone formation, blood clotting
What is purpose of Vitamin D?
bone and nervous system
What is purpose of Vitamin B 12?
nervous system
What age can we switch to solid foods?
4-6 months
When are we able to switch to cow milk?
1 year
What percent from fat doe we get our energy from at 1-3 years?
30 to 40%
What percent from fat do we get energy from 4-18 years of age?
25-35%
Where doe lead poisoning most commonly come from?
Old pipes or lead based paints.
What does lead poisoning result in?
reduced absorption of
vital mineral
Allergy:
IgE antibody hypersensitivity requiring
emergency intervention
Sensitivity:
IgG/IgM antibody sensitivity leading
to noticeable symptoms
Intolerance:
unpleasant symptoms associated
with food occurring over longer periods and is
not immediately life threatening
Aversion:
Intense dislike of a food
What are some Vitamins and minerals important in teenage years?
Iron
Calcium
Vitamin D
How to sustain rapid growth in teenage years?
Increase in all Energy-yielding nutrients
What are the highest Needs during lactation?
Fiber, Carbohydrate, Water, Vitamin A,
Vitamin C, Zinc, Iodine
what are the lowest needs during lactation?
Iron
What are the highest needs during pregnancy?
Iron, Folate, Linolenic acid, Niacin
What to food should you avoid to prevent Listeria Infection?
Avoid-raw milk, soft cheese, raw meats, raw vegetables
How much caffeine is the limit during pregnancy? What is it when associated with LBW?
200 mg or less (2 cups of coffee)
-LBW: 500 mg
Associated with morning sickness?
Vitamin B6 with doxylamine
What is a healthy birth weight?
7.5 lbs
What is a low birth weight?
<5.5 lbs
How many months between birth/conception
18 months
> 2x amount per pound compared to an adult
Energy, Vitamin E, Riboflavin (B2),
Calcium
> 4x amount per pound compared to an adult
Vitamin A and C
> 6x amount per pound compared to an adult
Vitamin D
Fiber
Malabsorption and Gut motility
common in older ages
Essential Fatty Acid ratio:
inflammation connected with accelerating age-related illness
Fluids:
Decreased muscle mass can lead to
reduced body water percentage
Calcium and Vitamin D:
Bone demineralization common in thin
post-menopausal women
Vitamin B12 and Zinc:
commonly deficient
What is correlated to increased lifespan?
Energy restiction
Sell by date
date at which grocers must remove product from the shelf
Best if used by date
date at which the quality will begin to decrease
Expiration date
date in which consumption is no longer safe
Pack/Manufacturing date
date product was originally processed
Safe cooking temp for Reheated food?
140
Safe cooking temp for Beef, Pork, Lamb, Fish?
145
Safe cooking temp for Poultry?
165
Safe cooking temp Fridge temp?
40
Safe cooking temp Freezer?
0
Whats a safe storage time for Raw ground meat and gravy?
1-2 days
Whats a safe storage time for Raw whole meats and fresh veggies?
3-5 days
Whats a safe storage time for Milk and smoked sausage or seafood?
1 week
Whats a safe storage time for Yogurt, carrots, celery, lettuce?
1-2 week
Whats a safe storage time for Fresh eggs and cheeses?
2-4 week
Whats a safe storage time for Dry cheese?
2 months
What are food safety hazards of Natural Toxins?
Pesticides residues or naturally produced toxic chemicals
What are food safety hazards of Environmental Contaminants?
Heavy metal pollution like mercury found in food from contaminated areas
What are food safety hazards of Food Additives?
Added preservatives like Nitrites or
flavoring agents like MSG that may be
links to diseases in humans
What are food safety hazards of Incidental additives?
Chemicals like BPA that leach into food
from plastic containers when exposed
to high temperatures
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
Excessive under nourishment
What is Bulimia?
Normal or excessive nourishment with
frequent purges
What is Binge Eating Disorders?
Episodic bouts of over nourishment
without a purge
What is Orthorexia?
Obsessive healthy eating
