Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Biology and Genetics > Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight > Flashcards

Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The chemical process that occurs within an organism in order to maintain life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 metabolic pathways?

A
  • Oxidative
  • Fuel Storage and Mobilisation
  • Biosynthetic
  • Detoxification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 3 processes that require energy

A
  • Movement of ions and nutrients
  • Muscle contraction
  • Nervous contraction
  • Cellular component synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of energy do cells use to drive energy requiring activities?

A

Chemical Bond Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relationship between kilocalories and kilojoules?

A

1 kcal = 4.2 kJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another way to describe a carbohydrate?

A

Polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 2 Disaccharides

A
  • Lactose
  • Sucrose
  • Fructose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is glucose?

A

A 6-Carbon sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 2 Polysaccharides

A
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many amino acids are in the body?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many amino acids can only be obtained from the diet? Name 2

A
  • 9

- Histidine/Valine/Phenylalanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the building block of fats?

A

Triaglycerols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are fats required for?

A

Required for vitamin absorption and to provide essential fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do dietary electrolytes do?

A

Establish Ion gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the job of most dietary trace minerals?

A

To act as Enzyme Co-factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two types of vitamin? Name 2 of each type

A

Fat Soluble - A, D, E, K

Water Soluble - Thiamin, B12, Folate, Riboflavin

17
Q

Name 4 dietary fibres and what can’t the body do to these?

A
  • Cellulose
  • Lignin
  • Pectins
  • Gums
  • Dietary fibres cannot be digested
18
Q

Name 2 conditions reduced by a high fibre diet

A
  • Cholesterol

- Risk of bowel cancer

19
Q

What makes up Daily Energy Expenditure?

A
  • Basal Metabolic Rate
  • Diet Induces Thermogenesis
  • Physical Activity Level
20
Q

What is Basal Metabolic Rate? Name 2 influencing factors

A
  • Maintains resting activities of the body like cell/organ function and body temperature
    Influencing Factors - body size, gender, environmental temperature
21
Q

Define Voluntary Physical Activity

A

The energy demands of skeletal, heart and respiratory muscle

22
Q

Name 3 types of body energy stores

A
  • Short term stores in muscles
  • Carbohydrate stored for immediate use
  • Long term stores in adipose tissue
23
Q

How is body mass index calculated and what are the units?

A

Weight (kg) / Height squared (m2)

Units = kg/m2

24
Q

What is an alternative to body mass index?

A

Waist to hip ratio

25
Q

What kind of obesity is the most damaging?

A

Abdominal obesity

26
Q

Define underweight, desirable, overweight, obese and morbidly obese in terms of BMI brackets

A 
Underweight = <18.5
Desirable = 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight = 25 - 29.9
Obese - 30 - 34.9
Morbidly Obese - >35
27
Q

Name the two types of Protein-Energy Malnutrition

A
  • Marasmus

- Kwashiorkor

28
Q

Name 2 symptoms of Marasmus

A
  • Age <5
  • Muscle wasting
  • Loss of body fat without oedema
  • Diarrhoea/Anaemia
29
Q

Name 3 symptoms of Kwashiorkor

A
  • Distended abdomen
  • Low serum albumin
  • Enlarged liver and ascites
  • Generalised oedema
  • Insufficient amino acids
30
Q

What causes Kwashiorkor?

A

A diet with some carbohydrate but no protein

31
Q

Why does Kwashiorkor cause oedema?

A

Decreased protein oncotic pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitium

32
Q

Name 3 conditions relating to vitamin deficiency and which vitamin they relate to

A 
Vitamin D - Rickets
Vitamin K - Defective Blood Clotting
Vitamin B1 - Beriberi
Vitamin B12 - Anaemia
Vitamin C - Scurvy
Folate - Neural Tube Defects
Niacin - Pellagra

Cell Biology and Genetics (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions