Gene Expression Flashcards
What processes are involved in this reaction and where in the cell do they take place? DNA > mRNA > protein
Transcription - copying the code (nucleus)
Translation- changing the language (cytoplasm)
What is required for transcription and translation?
- Enzyme
- Activated Substrate
- Template
What 3 substances are required for transcription?
- RNA polymerase
- NTPs
- DNA
What 3 substances are required for translation?
- Ribosome
- Amino acids
- mRNA
What are the 3 stages of transcription?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What term describes different lengths of RNA?
Transcription units
What is promoter recognition in transcription initiation ?
- Specific base sequence is recognised
- Transcription Initiation factor binds
- RNA polymerase surrounds transcription factor
What is meant by upstream and downstream transcription?
Upstream - transcription against the direction of the gene
Downstream - transcription with the direction of the gene
What influences gene expression in transcription?
Promoter sequences
What 2 DNA strands are involved in transcription elongation?
- Template strand
- Coding strand
What are the 3 types of RNA processing?
- Capping
- Polyadenylation
- Splicing
What do capping and polyadenylation protect against?
Degradation
What is polyadenylation and which end of the strand does it occur?
- Occurs at 3’ end
- polyA polymerase adds a string of A bases
What is splicing and how does it change mRNA?
- Removes introns between exons
- Turns pre-mRNA to mature mRNA
What are the 3 main types of RNA?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
